450 CLASS AVES. 



It should be remembered, that these distinctions of 

 analogy, founded especially on colours, are of little 

 importance ; and that it may be that several of these 

 species may be little else than varieties. 



M. de Lacepede has named Picoides some spe- 

 cies of woodpecker, which are destitute of the ex- 

 ternal toe, and have only, in consequence, two toes 

 before and one behind ; otherwise, they are in all 

 respects assimilated to the ordinary species. 



We have one in the north and east of Europe. 



Northern Three-toed Woodpecker. (P. Tridacty- 

 lus,) Edw. 114. Naum. 137- 



Intermediate in size between F. Martins and P. 

 Minor ; is black, spotted with white above ; white 

 underneath ; the rump of the male is orange, that 

 of the female white.* 



One might also make a sub-genus of those whose 

 bill, slightly arched, begins to approach that of the 

 Cuckow. 



p. Icterocephalus, Lath, is P. Cklorocepkalus. — See Spix. t. 54. f. 2. 



(not. f. 1.) 



P. Maculifrons, Spix. t. 56. f, 1. is the young male of P. Passerinus. 



P. Flavifrons, Vieil. Spix. t. 52. f. 2. and P. Coromtus, Lich. is the P. 

 Ruhriventris, 



P. Flavicans, Spix. t. 31. f. 2. is the female of P. Exalbidus. 



P. Lathami, Wagler, is P. Cafer, Lath. 



P. Philophenarum, Lath, is P. Palalaca, Cuv. and P. Bengalensis, 



Grael. 



P. MalacunuSy Lath. P. Rubescens, Vieil. is P. Mineatus, of Forster. 

 * P. Tiga. Horsf. Raffles. Java. P. Himulus. P. Tridactylus. Lath. 



