116 TRIPPE, 



55. P. nivalis. Abundant. Arrives in the latter part of November 

 and remains till May. 



56. Emheriza graminea. Abundant, breeding in great numbers in 

 the pine barrens. 



57. E. socialis. Common, frequenting similar situations with the 

 preceding. 



58. E. Canadensis. Not very common. In early winter it is ex- 

 tremely abundant in Southern Iowa, but it removes further south 

 during the severest weather. Not observed during summer. 



59. Mpha^a hyemalis. Common; breeds. The Snowbird usually nests 

 in the pines, or on a brushy hillside. The nest is placed on the ground, 

 and is very artfully concealed. The youug are able to fly by the middle 

 of June. The Snowbird goes further south in winter; very few re- 

 main, even in Southern Iowa, during the most inclement season. 



60. Ammodromns palustris. Common. 



61. Linaria minor. Very abundant. The Lesser EedpoU appears 

 in vast numbers, about the middle of October, and remains during the 

 entire winter, proceeding northward, however, some weeks before the 

 Snow Buntings and Longspurs. In its habits, it very strongly resem- 

 bles the Yellowbird; its notes, too, are very similar, and on their 

 first arrival, the males may sometimes be heard singing the same 

 pleasing song that the Yellowbird sings in May or June. 



62. L. pinns. Observed in great numbers in the fall. Migrates 

 south in winter. 



63. Carduelis tristis. Uncommon. 



64. Fringilla iliaca. Uncommon. A few seen in spring and fall. 



65. F. melodia. Abundant. The Song Sparrow breeds in great 

 numbers in the brush prairies and along the river valleys, but avoids 

 the pine and tamarack regions. Like the Eobiu, Bluebird and Chip- 

 ping Sparrow, it is a far shyer and wilder bird here than in the set- 

 tled parts of the country. 



66. F. Pennsylvanica. Abundant. Breeds in the tamarack swamps 

 and windfalls. 



67. F. leucophrys. Common near the Leaf River, where it breeds. 



68. Fipilo erytlirophthalmus. Common. 



69. Erythrospiza purpurea. Abundant in fall ; not seen during sum- 

 mer. 



70. Gorythus enucleator. Appears about the middle of November, 

 and remains throughout the winter, feeding on the buds and seeds of 

 the alder, birch, etc., as well as of the weeds that abound on the 

 pi'airies. As with the EedpoU and Snow Bunting, there is a much 

 larger proportion of old birds than there is in the flocks that visit the 

 vicinity of New York, though the adult males are still far outnum- 

 bered by the females and young. 



