CELJENORRHIN^. 49 



Bengal, 1886, p. 137. Wood-Mason and de Niceville, id. p. 389, pi. 17, fig. 10, ?. Elwe.s, 

 Trans. Ent. Soc. 1888, p. 457. Davidson and Aitken, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1890, p. 373, 

 pi. F, figs. 5, 5a (larva and pupa). Watson, Hesp. Ind. p. 95 (1891). Fergusson, Journ. Bo. 

 Nat. Hist. Soc. 1891, p. 448. Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 655. Watson, id. 1893, p. 54. 

 Swinhoe. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 318. de Niceville, Gazetteer of Sikkim, Butt. p. 178 (1894). 

 J. J. Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1895, p. 475. Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. ix. 1895, 

 p. 422 ; id. idem, x. 1896, p. 673. Davidson, Bell and Aitken, id. xi. 1897, p. 38. Elwes and 

 Edwards, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 143, pi. 22, fig. 13 (genitalia), de Rhe-Philipe, Journ. Bo. 

 Nat. Hist. Soc. xi. 1898, p. 598. Crowley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 510. Hannyngton, 

 Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. x. 1910, p. 371. Evans, id. p. 388. Adamson, Trans. N. H. Soc. 

 Northumberland, etc. 1908, p. 139. 



Tiujiades nunahi, Staudinger (nee Moore), Iris, 1889, p. 159. 



Taijiades menalca vajuna, Friihstorfer, I.e. 



Imago. — ]\lale. Upper.side. Foreicimj black, usually more densely black than in 

 menaka, markings similar except for two extra spots, one below the cell spot at the 

 origin of vein 5, and the other in the middle of first median interspace, bringing the 

 four spots (including the sub-costal spot) into a slightly curved Hue. Iltndwing with 

 the white space generally smaller than in menaka, the marginal spots similar, the two 

 black spots within the white space absent. Underside. Forewlmj paler, markings as 

 above, llindwing like the underside of mtniaka, the black spots larger ; palpi, legs, 

 head and body above and below similar. 



Female similar to the male, the semi-hyaline spots on the forewing and the black 

 spots on the hindwing larger, the two large black spots on the inner side of the black 

 apical band half inside the white space as in the female of menaka. 



Expanse of wings, $ i^^, ? ly'o inches. 



Larva. — Smooth, slightly depressed, thickest a little in front of the middle, neck 

 slender, head large, bilobed, lobes diverging and pointed at the top ; colour more or 

 less dark bluish-green, darkest on the back, collar white, head chestnut, maudildes 

 larsre and black. 



Pupa. — Head Cjiiadrate, with a strong, conical beak ; abdomen stout, circular iu 

 transverse section ; cremaster triangular, curved, strong ; constriction slight, surface 

 smooth, pitted finely. No prominent spiracular expansions on segment 2. Colour 

 transparent, light olive-green ; margin of dorsal segment edged with brown ; two 

 white, enamel-like, triangular marks laterally in the wing-case line. Length, 24 nnn. 

 Pupa attached by the tail and by a band. 



Habits. — The habits of the larva are curious. It cuts out an i>val piece of a leaf 

 with the margin deeply toothed or scalloped ; this is left attached by a narrow neck, 

 including one of the principal veins of the leaf, and bent over so as to form a cell with 

 open archways all round. In this the larva lives, and rushes at intruders with its black 

 jaws extended. It becomes a pupa in the cell. The larva lives sometimes in a state 

 akin to hibernation ; we have noticed it lying in the same place for nearly two 



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