LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



Sub-Family CEL^NORRHIN^. 



When settled, the butterflies of this group rest with their wings extended flat ; it 

 contains a large number of genera ; the club of the antennae is of moderate thickness, 

 often recurved, bent at about a right angle to the shaft in Charmion, Daimio, Tagiades, 

 Caprona and Odontoptilum ; hooked in Satarupa, Odina, Tapena and Darpa ; the 

 palpi are porrect, third joint short, conical, often minute ; in the forewiug vein 12 

 usually ends on the costa before the end of the cell ; the cell is less than two-thirds the 

 length of the costa, discocellulars oblique, or sub-erect ; vein 3 arises near the lower end 

 of the cell, 2 from before the middle, usually at about one-fourth from the base ; no 

 costal fold. In the hind wing vein 5 and the discocellulars are usually very faint ; the 

 hind tibise with two pairs of spurs. We divide the gi'oup into two sections, the habits 

 of the first being different to those of the second. We give Davidson, Bell and 

 Aitkeu's description of the life history of the members of each section in extenso. 



SECTION I. 



The imagos of this group rest with their wings wide open as those of group B 

 (Section II.), and generally on the underside of leaves. They are all shade-loving 

 insects, and have a very rapid, jerky flight, never sustained for any length of time. 

 The typical larva is stout, thickest at the fourth and fifth segments and somewhat 

 narrow at the anal end, the extremity being flattened and rounded ; the head is large, 

 very strongly bi-lobed, the lobe being separated by a deep triangular sinus on the 

 vertex ; surface of the head rugose ; jaws strong. The colour of the larva is varialtle, 

 being brown, green, or white, according to the species. The larva lies closely applied 

 to the sui'face of the leaf, with its head turned round on its side when at rest ; like that 

 of the foregoing group (Section II.), it raises its head and opens its mandibles when 

 disturbed, as if to bite ; it makes a cell by turning over a triangular piece of leaf from 

 the edge of the upperside, fixing laxly with silk round the edges, and lying with its 



VOL. X. B 



