HESPEBIIN^. 95 



Sub-Family HESPERIIN^. 



In tliis sub-family we put Ilesjjeria, Fabricius, Spudla, uoljis, Pynjus, Hiilnier, 

 Carcharodes, Hiibuer, Tlianaos, Boisduval, and Gomalia, Moore. 



The first three were put by Watson into sections under Ilesjjei'ia, Ijut he himself 

 states that it is a genus that wants splitting up.* 



The antennae has the club robust, more or less straight, somewhat curved in 

 Thanaos and Carcharodus ; the palpi are sub-erect, third joint blunt; in the forewing 

 the cell is about two-thirds the length of the costa ; vein 12 ends on the costa before 

 the end of the cell ; discocellulars sub-erect ; vein 3 arises shortly befoi'e the lower end 

 of the cell, 2 from before the middle ; in the hindwing vein 7 arises just before tlie 

 upper end of the cell, 3 from just before the lower end, 2 from the middle ; in 

 Carcharodes it arises a little more inwards, in Thanaos a little beyond the middle ; all 

 have two pairs of spurs to the hind til:»i;y ; in Thanaos and Carcharodes the up|)er pair 

 are very minute. 



Species of the first three genera are distributed all over the w^orld, except in the 

 Australian region, Thanaos and Carcharodes are palearctic, Gomalia is apparently 

 confined to South India and Ceylon. 



Doherty says,f " The eggs are small, hard, seven-eighths as high as wide, or even 

 higher, constricted at base, with wide scalloped anastouKJsing ribs ; this group is very 

 distinct, includes Hesperia and Gomalia." 



The life history of typical Hesperia is fairly well known, the type malvie, 

 Linnfeus, being a common English species ; for the life history of galha, Fabricius, the 

 type of Spialia, we are indebted to Davidson, Bell and Aitken ; their habits of life are 

 very difterent. 



Genus HESPERIA. 



Hesjieria, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. (i.) p., 258 (1793). Moure (part), Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 182 (1881). 

 Watson, Hesp. Ind. p. 1.52 (1891); id. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 61. Leech, Butt, of China, 

 etc. ii. p. .574 (1893) ; Watson, Jouru. Bo. Nat. Hi.st. 8oc. ix. 1895, p. 421. Ehves and Edward.s, 

 Trans. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 153. 



Scelothrix, Ranibur, Cat. Lep. Andal. i. p. 63 (1858). 



Forewing, vein 12 nearly straight for about two-thirds its length, then bent up to 

 the costa some distance before the end of the cell ; cell a little less than two-thirds the 



* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 65, and Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1895, p. 423. 

 I Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 111. 



