100 LEPWOPTEBA INDICA. 



Hesperia eramius, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. G 12.^- Watson, Hesp. Ind. p. 150(1891); id. 



Proc. Zool. Sue. 1893, p. 65; id. Jdurn. Bo. Nat. Ili.st. Soc. Lx. 1895, p. 422. 

 Hesperia galba, Ehves and Edwards (part), Tran.s. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 157. 

 Hesperia zebra, Watson (nee Butler), Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1891, p. 59. 



Imago. — j\Iale. Upperside black, with a slight olive tint, spotted with white. 

 Foreiving with three spots in the cell, sub-basal, medial, and terminal, a spot on the 

 sul)-median vein below the sub-basal spot, a di.scal series of eight spots, commencing 

 w^ith three that are sub-apical, close together from near the costa, then two together, 

 the lower the larger, then two larger, more or less square conjugated spots a little 

 inwards and a spot on the sub-median vein still inwards ; a complete sub-marginal 

 series of small spots one in each interspace ; four short white streaks on the outer half of 

 the costal line. Ilindicing with a sub-basal spot in the cell, a larger somewhat quadrate 

 spot at the end of the cell, with a smaller spot below it, and a still smaller spot above 

 it, a sub-marginal series of small spots, one in each interspace becoming obsolete 

 upwards. Cilia of both wings checkered, black and white. Underside grey. Forewing 

 with the spots as above, but larger. Hindwing with the abdominal fold white, the cell 

 spots extended, there being three sub-basal spots, the cell end spot expanded into a 

 continuous white band, with irregular margins from the costa to the abdominal fold ; 

 the sub-marginal spots as on the upper side. Cilia of both wings checkered grey and 

 white. Antennae with the shaft spotted with white above, pure white beneath, except 

 the tip of the club which is dull orange ; palpi, head and body above concolorous with 

 the wings, on the underside white, legs also white. 



Female usually larger and darker black than the male, markings similar, the spots 

 on the upperside often smaller. 



Expanse of wings, $ I, % lyo inches. 



Larva. — -Front view of head round, shallowly bilged, thick, shiny-black, clothed 

 with close yellow fur, interspersed with long white hairs ; very long white and black 

 hairs on the sides of the head, the black hairs flattened ; jaws red. Segment 3 bright 

 orange with a narrow black collar and a central row of long black hairs. Body cylindrical, 

 rounded at extremity, covered with small white tubercles, each bearing a long white or 

 brown erect haij-, the brown ones confined to the front part of the body. Colour green 

 with a darkish dorsal and a white marginal line. Length, 15 '5 mm. 



Pupa. — Head square with a swelling between the eyes ; thorax slightly humped ; 

 constriction slight ; pupa broadest at centre, circular in transverse section. Spiracular 

 expansions of segment 2 are oval, large, well raised from the thoracic surface, dark 

 chocolate-brown, rounded in outline. Surface finely rugose, covered with long, white, 

 erect hairs, densest on head and around eyes. Colour of body green-yellow, green on 

 thorax, wing cases covered all over with a white powder. Length, 13 mm. 



Habits. — Larva doubles a part of a leaf on the top or bottom of the rest of the 



