110 LEPIDOPTEBA INDICA. 



white spots or marks outside the cell end on the forewing and a discal series of white 

 dots from the costa to vein 2. • 



Antennse black, ringed with white ; palpi, head, body and legs concolorous with 

 the wings ; palpi beneath and pectus with white hairs. 



Expanse of wings, J" ? ly% to lyo inches. 



Habitat. — Europe, Asia Minor, Syria, N. Persia, N.W. Himalayas. 



Distribution. — Recorded from Chitral by Leslie and Evans. 



CHINESE AND JAPANESE ALLIED SPECIES. 



Thanaos montanus, PvTgus montanus, Bremer, Bull. Acad. Petr. iii. p. 473 (1861) ; id. Lep. Ost.-Sib. 



p. 31, pi. 2, fig. 4 (18G4). NLsioniades montanus, Pryer, Rhop. Niphon, pi. 35, p. 10, fig. 23 



(1889). Synonym, Thanaos rusticanus, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 1866, p. 58. 



Habitat, China, .Japan, Amurland. 

 Thanaos sinina, Nisioaiades tages var. sinina, Groum-Grshimailo, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. xxv. p. 461 



(1891). Thanaos tages var. siniaa. Leech, Butt, of China, etc. ii. p. 661 (1893). Habitat, 



China, Amurland, Europe. 

 Thanaos erehus, Nisioniades erebus, Groum-Grshimailo, I.e. Habitat, W. China, N.E. Thibet. 

 Thanaos pelias, Nisioniades pelias. Leech, Entom. xxiv. Sujipl. p. 60 (1891). Thanaos pelias. Leech, 



Butt, of China, etc. ii. p. 581, pi. 42, fig. 3, $ (1893). Habitat, W. China, E. Thibet. 

 Thanaos ntgrescens, Thanaos montanus var. nigrescens, Leech, I.e. fig. 2, ^ (1893). Synonym, 



Thanaos leechii, Elwes and Edwards, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 164, pi. 23, fig. 35 (genitalia). 



Habitat, W. China. 



In his classification of the Hesperiidee, AVatson puts all the remaining genera into 

 the sub-family Pamphil'mse, with vein 5 of the forewing from below the middle of 

 the diseocellulars, the middle discocellular being longer than the lower, and he divides 

 them into two sections : (I.) those with the middle discocellular slightly longer than the 

 lower, and (H.) those in which the middle discocellular is considerably longer than the 

 lower ; he takes the name, as is usual, of the oldest recorded genus as the name of the 

 sub-family ; the genus Pamphila, however, stands apart from them all, in having only 

 one pair of spurs to the hind tibiae, and the fore tibiae without epiphysis, the species of 

 all the other genera, except the aberrant genus Itys, have two pairs of spurs to the 

 hind tibiae, the fore tibiae with epiphysis, also the structure of the antennae with its 

 blunt straight club separates Pamphila from all the other genera, except its near allies 

 Taractrocera, Ochus and Ampittia. 



AYe have made a careful examination of the structure of all the o^enera known to 

 us, and of the few not known to us we have carefully studied the descriptions of the 

 various authors, and we find that these genera can be divided into two divisions by 

 the position of vein 5 of the forewing as suggested by Watson, but the first division 



