HESPEBIIN^. Ill 



can be easily separated into four groups or sub-families making a natural sequence of 

 genera, and tlie second division into three, mainly on the structure of the antenupe. 



The venation of the whole of the Hesperiidse is so singularly uniform, we must 

 take what characters we can find to differentiate the groups ; the position of vein 5 of 

 the forewing divides the entire family into two great divisions, the structure of the 

 antenniB divides them into well-formed groups that carry out the sequence of the 

 genera in a perfectly natural way, and the shape of the wings, the position of 

 the sub-median nervules in both wings, and the secondary sexual characters 

 differentiate the genera also c[uite naturally. 



All the butterflies of this great division, in so far as we know, rest with their 

 wings closed over their backs, assuming that position immediately on .settling, and the 

 males never have a costal fold. 



DIVISION I. 



With vein 5 of forewing arising a little below the middle of discocellulars, the 

 middle discocellular being slightly longer than the lower. 



Sub-Family PAMPHILIN^. 



Antennse short, club straight, tip blunt ; palpi porrect or upturned, second 

 joint densely clothed, hind tibia3 with one pair of spurs in Pauiphila and without 

 epiphysis on the fore tibiae, two pairs in the other genera, the fore tibiee with epiphysis. 

 Forewing with the cell less than two-thirds the length of the costa, vein 3 emitted 

 near the lower end of the cell, 2 from beyond the middle. Hindwing with the cell 

 about half the breadth of the wing, discocellulars and vein 5 faint, vein .3 from near 

 the lower end of the cell, 2 from, or from beyond the middle, except in Taractrocera, 

 when it is nearer the base of the wing. 



Genus PAMPHILA. 



Pamphila, Fabricius, 111. Mag. \-i. p. 287 (1807). Westwood, Gen. D. L. p. 521 (18.52). "Wateon, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 89. Leech, Butt, of China, etc. ii. p. 585 (1893). "Watson, Journ. Bo. 

 Nat. Hist. Soc. ix. 1895, p. 424. Elwes and Edwards, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 105. 



Steropes, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Lep. p. 167 (1832) (nom. prseocc), 



Carterocephalus, Lederer, Yerh. zool.-bot. Ges. "Wien, ii. p. 26 (1853). 



Auhcrtia, Oberthiir, Etudes d'Ent. xx. p. 40 (1896) (non descr.). 



