ir,2 LEPIDOPTEBA INDICA. 



Joui-n. As. Soc. Bengal, 1895, p. 539. Watson, Jouni. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. ix. 1895, p. 429 ; 



id. idem, x. 1896, p. 680. Davidson, Bell and Aitken, id. xi. 1897, p. 42 (larva and pupa). 



Aitkeii and Comber, id. xv. 1903, p. 54. Elwes and Edwards, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 218. 



Adamson, Trans. N. H. Soc. Northumberland, etc. 1908, p. 143. Friihstorfer, Iris, 1910, 



p. 102. 

 Hegperin pnndia, Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I.C. i. p. 254, pi. 7, fig. 10, larva, 10a, pupa (1857); id. 



Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 790. 

 Erionota fhyrt:is, Staudinger, Lep. Palawan, p. 134 (1889). 

 GaHijdra thyrsis yasodara, Friihstorfer, I.e. 

 Gangarit thyrsis pandia, Friihstorfer, I.e. 

 Gangara thyrsis philqjpcnsis, Friihstorfer, I.e. p. 103. 



Imago. — Male. Upperside dark chocolate-brown. Forewing with serai-hyaline, 

 ochreous, quadrate spots ; a very large spot filling the cell space near its end, excavated 

 on its outer side ; another slightly smaller filling up the middle of the first median 

 interspace, a much smaller spot irregular in shape in the middle of the second median 

 interspace, two small spots close together near the costa, one-sixth from the apex, and 

 a spot outwards in the next lower interspace, well separated from the others. 

 IHndwing without markings. Cilia of forewing brown, becoming whitish towards the 

 hinder margin, of hindwing whitish throughout, tipped with brown. Underside dai'k 

 lirown, variegated with purplish shading. Foreicing \\\\h. some whitish scaling towards 

 the apex, the hinder marginal space broadly whitish, spots as on the upperside. 

 Ilindiviiifi more or less covered with whitish scaling, which thicken into three indistinct 

 ])ands across the wing, giving the wing a variegated appearance. Autennse black, grey 

 on the underside ; palpi, head and body above and below and the legs concolorous with 

 the wings. 



Female like the male, the ochreous spots of the forewing a little larger. 



Expanse of wings, $ Sy^^^ to 3, ? 3 to Sy-g inches. 



Larva occurs in Sumatra throughout the year where Calamus grows, on which 

 the white waxy-powdered downy larva feeds. 



Pupa hidden in three rolled-up leaves, and is fixed by the extremity of the 

 abdomen to a woven tripod in such a way that it can move in all directions. As soon 

 as the shelter is touched it makes such a loud rattling noise that any one would be 

 at least startled or frightened on hearing it. Like E. thrax, the butterfiy emerges 

 from the pupa late in the afternoon (from 3 to 5 p.m.), and files after sunset, 

 (de Niceville and Martin.) 



Larva. — Head large, much higher than broad, heart-shaped, dark brown in colour, 

 the colour being however hidden by a white cerous secretion which covers all but the 

 clypeus ; slightly hairy on the sides and about the jaws ; body cylindrical, broadest 

 about segment 5 ; anal end high, sloping slightly, and broadly rounded at extremity ; 

 sui'face of body slightly hairy, with light, erect, shortish hairs, especially laterally ; 



