172 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



white, with a bluish tinge, strongest on segments 2, 3 and 4 ; under parts bluish- 

 white. A narrow black collar near the hind margin of segment 2. Length, 32 mm. 



Pupa. — Longish, not particularly stout, the thorax humped, a moderate constric- 

 tion dorsally, the shoulders being the broadest part of the body, the apex of the 

 thorax the highest, the transverse section of thorax circular, oval at the sixth segment to 

 the end ; there is no spiracular expansion ; the proboscis is free after the end of the wings ; 

 the head is broad, with a boss between the eyes ; the eyes are very prominent, the pupa is 

 fixed only by the tail, and rattles about in the cell when disturbed ; shoulders slightly 

 angulated ; a low transverse, flattened ridge, yellow in colour, across the top of the 

 thorax ; abdomen a good deal depressed, oval ia transverse section ; constricted between 

 the segments ; cremaster square, thin ; thorax humped strongly. Length, 28 mm. 



Habits. — The larva makes a cell by gnawing through the midrib half-way up the 

 leaf, separating the top half from the basal half by eating a line across ; the latter half 

 is joined by the edges and withers, hardening into a perfectly cylindrical curved cell ; 

 this cell is lined inside thickly with silk, drawn under the green half and fastened there, 

 being thus protected from wet ; the mouth of the cell is at the point where the midrib 

 has been gnawed through. In the last three stages the cell is made of a leaf spirally 

 rolled into a cylindrical tube, the leaf being cut across near the base, so as to allow the 

 tube to hang by a small strip ; the inside of the cell is lined with silk disposed in 

 short, thick, horizontal lines. The egg is dome-shaped and bears long hairs, it is laid 

 on the underside of a leaf near the point. The young larva is red in colour ; the larva 

 feeds on bamboos, principally on Teinostachyum. 



This insect is plentiful at all seasons in the more densely forest-clad parts of the 

 district. It appears in the early morning and about twilight in the evening, flying 

 about flowers, and settling low down on leaves, etc., in shady places. We have bred 

 many specimens at all seasons, and have noticed that those bred in the dry-season are 

 much lighter in colour than those bred in the monsoon months. This butterfly, when 

 at rest, folds its wings over its back. (Davidson, Bell and Aitken). 



Habitat. — India, Ceylon, Burma, Andamans, China, Malay Peninsula and 

 Archipelago. 



Distribution. — The types are marked Bengal ; we have it in our collection from 

 the Donat Range, Ataran Valley, Ceylon, Hue, Annam, Brunei, Borneo, the Philippines, 

 Karwar, and many examples of both sexes from the Khasia Hills ; Elwes records it 

 also from Sikkim, E. Pegu, Ganjam, Java and Bali ; Moore from Hainan ; de Rhe-Philipe 

 from Masuri ; Fergusson from Travancore ; Betham from the Central Provinces ; Aitken 

 and Comber from the Konkan ; de Niceville from Calcutta ; J. J. Walker from Hong- 

 Kong ; Wood-Mason and de Niceville from Cachar and the Andamans ; Davidson, Bell 

 and Aitken from Karwar ; our figures of the larva and pupa are from Davidson's 

 original drawings. 



