218 LEPIDOPTEIiA INDICA. 



segments 3 to 13 ; spiracular expansion of segment 2 large, nearly flush with the 

 thorax, semicircular in shape, dark brown in colour ; spiracles small, linear, dark red- 

 brown ; surface of the body finely rugose. Eyes and cremaster covered with short 

 erect hairs, surface of pupa bearing short erect hairs as seen under the lens, with 

 slightly longer hairs on the posterior portion. Cremaster hexagonal, small, with next 

 to no suspensory hairs, brown. The pupa has the head green with a shade of 1)rown, 

 the thorax is green, and the abdomen waxy-yellow ; the surface is covered with a 

 white powder. The cell in which it is formed is tightly closed, and the pupa is 

 attached very slightly by the tail only. 



Habits. — The habits of the larva are similar to those of S. gremius, the cell 

 being made tightly, clothed with silk inside, and the edge eaten in crenulations. The 

 larva eats above the cell towards the point of the leaf, leaving the midi-ib, and pupates 

 in the cell. Great quantities of old cells are found, pointing to the fact that the larvse 

 are very liable to the attacks of enemies. The food plants are always found in dark 

 shady evergreen jungle. The jjupa cell is cut free by the larva before pupation and 

 falls to the ground, and no pupa is therefore ever found except among the rubbish at 

 the foot of the plant. 



This butterfly appears in the second Kanara list as Isma suhmaculata, Staud. In 

 Trans. Zool. Soc. xiv. p. 230, Elwes and Edwards place it in the genus Plastingia, in 

 which it was originally described, but say they have not seen a specimen of it. On 

 23age 193 they describe Pedestes macuUcornis as a new species from Pulo Laut. In 

 my opinion this species is a synonym of P. suhmaculata. In my collection there are 

 specimens from Kanara, Cachar, the Daunat Eange, Perak and Pulo Laut. It was 

 originally described from Palawan. In spite of the key to the species of the genus 

 Pedestes given by Elwes and Edwards on p. 193, 1 am unable to separate P. fuscicornis, 

 descril)ed by those gentlemen also from Pulo Laut, from their P. macuUcornis. (de 

 Niceville.) 



Habitat. — South India, Burma, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 



DiSTRiBUTiois. — The type came from Palawan ; de Niceville records it from Kanara, 

 Cachar, the Daunat Range, Burma, Perak and Pulo Laut ; Davidson, Bell and Aitken 

 also record it from Kanara, their sj^ecimen, which was submitted to de Nice'ville and 

 identified by him, a perfect specimen, has been lent to us for figuring ; before seeing 

 de Niceville's notes in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal we had come to the 

 conclusion that the two Pedestes erected by Elwes and Edwards, macuUcornis and 

 fuscicornis, with recurved terminal crook to their antennae, were identical with 

 Plastingia suhmaculata. In putting this species into the genus Pedestes, de Niceville 

 could not have examined the structure of his specimens, it has the und.erside pattern 

 of Pedestes, but has the structure and antennte of Plastingia ; the form of the antennae 

 at once separates it from the genus Pedestes, the antennae being long, club slender, 



