f,0 LEPIDOPTERA IXDICA. 



;md frequent open grounds, plains, river banks, and sea-shores, ratlier than of the 

 viroin forest. The species, in tlieir activity of motions, resemble the lesser 

 NymphaliniB." Mr. de Nicdville (I.e. 299) says, " In India, I have almost exclusively 

 found them near water, and Major Marshall informs me that he has more usually 

 seen them in forest glades." " They rest with closed wings, usually at the end of a 

 dead branch or stick, when they are vevy difficult to see, unless they have been 

 actually observed to settle («l. J. Bombay N. H. S. 1890, 207). In Japan, according 

 to the observations of Mr. H. Pryer, " There is only one annual brood of L. Lepita. 

 It emerges from the pupa in July, and lives until the following May. It retires to 

 its hvbernaculura soon after its emergence, and remains quiescent until the following 

 March, when it is awakened by the first warm day, and may then be seen depositing 

 its eggs on the unopened buds of the Celtls" (Elhop. Niphon, p. 21). 



Genus LIBYTHEA. 



Libijthea, Fabrioius, Illiger's Mag. vi. p. 284 (1807). Latreille, Coiisil. p. 4 40 (1810). Go.lart, 



Eiic. :\Ieth. ix. p. 10 (1819). Duponchel, Catal. Lep. Eur. p. 8 (1844). Westwuod, Geii. D. 



L°p. ii. p. 412 (1851). Kirby, Catal. D. L°p. p. 2S2 (1871). Crotch, Cist, Eat. i. p. 66 (1872). 



Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 67 (1881). de Kiccville, Butt, of India, etc. ii. p. 300 (18SG). 



Leecli, Butt, of China, etc. i. p. 286 (1S92). 

 Hecaerge, Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 32 (ISIG). Ilitbner, Verz. Schmett. p. 100 (1816). 

 Cl,ilea, Billberg, Enura. Ins. p. 79 (1820). 

 Hijpatus, Hiibner ; Catal. Eranck, p. 85 (1825). 



Imago. — Male. Forewing subtriangular ; costa arched from the base, apex 

 acute, exterior margin strongly angulated outward below the apex, concave and 

 eliglitly scalloped below the angle, posterior margin short, straight ; costal vein 

 extending to about one half the margin ; first and second subcostal branches emitted 

 at some distance before end of the cell, third branch at fully two-fifths beyond, fourth 

 at three-fifths and ending at the apex, fifth ending below the apex; cell large, broad, 

 extending to middle of the wing ; upper discocellular short and slightly oblique, 

 middle and lower discocellulars of nearly equal length, slender and concave ; radials 

 from tlieir angles ; middle median branch emitted at some distance before lower end 

 of the cell ; submedian recurved. Hindwing short, broad, somewhat quadrate ; 

 anterior margin abruptly and broadly lobed from the base and slightly raised and 

 rounded at the apex, exterior margin slightly concave below the apex and ex- 

 tending obliquely outward to end of lower subcostal, tlience convexly inward and 

 sharply scalloped to anal angle : abdominal margin long ; precostal vein long, 

 curved outwards ; costal vein extending to below the apex, sulicostal arising 

 opposite the precostal ; lower subcostal branch emitted at one-third before upper 

 end of the cell ; discocellulars slender, outwardly oblique and concave, upper 



