LIBYTREIS^. 55 



somewhat forwards. The cremaster is dorsally triangular, and embraces somewhat 

 the last segment, its attachment-surface being considerably longer, in the sense of 

 the length of the pupa, than its breadth. Colour of pupa light-green, with the tops 

 of all the carinations yellow, with a black speck on the abdominal peak ; the surface 

 of the pupa is smooth and somewhat shiny. Length 12'5 mm., breadth at the 

 shoulders 5 ram., breadth at the front of the head just over 3 mm., height at 

 the abdominal peak 6 mm., height at the apex of the thorax 5 mm." 



Habits. — " The eggs are laid on the young shoots and leaves of the CeJti-^, 

 generally on a low shrub near a nullah with water in it and open to the sunlight. 

 The larv£e live generally on the underside of the leaves, eating all but the ribs or 

 veins, to which one finds them hanging ; they emit much web, and fall by a silk 

 thread when disturbed, but only when touched or otherwise violently molested j the 

 larva rests with its true legs off the surface, and its head curved down and often 

 turned to one side. The pupa is formed always on the underside of a leaf, and rests 

 quite parallel to the surface of the leaf. The larva reminds one forcibly of a Pierine 

 larvaj of the Catopsilia, Lciaa, or Teracohts type. The butterfly, which is rare in the 

 Kanara district, appears bo be found only in the neighbourhood of its food-plant " 

 (de Xiceville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1900, 232). 



DiSTBtBDTiox. — In Ceylon it occurs in the Central provinces ; hills 4000 to GOOO 

 feet elevation, in forest lands during the S.AV. monsoon, from May to October. It 

 darts about and settles on the ground ; is shy and not very easy to capture (Capt. 

 Hutchison). Plentiful about 3500 feet and upwards, on the roads and banks of 

 same in the vicinity of jungle (F. AV. Blackwood). Occurs also at Kandy and 

 Dickoya " (Lep. Ceylon, i. GS). " Dr. X. Mauders notes, that he is inclined to think, 

 from the small material at his disposal, that typical L. Bama is found, in Ceylon, 

 from about 5C00 feet upwards, and gradually merges into L. Myrrha [Sanguinalis] in 

 the lo-w country" (de Nic^ville, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1S09, 195). Messrs. 

 J. Davidson and E. H. Aitken say, " This is perhaps the rarest of all our butterflies 

 in the X. Kanara District of Bombay. In six years we have got two specimens, 

 both taken on the top of a high hill near Karwar " (Jouin. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1S9G, 

 258). Mr. G. F. Hampson records it from the " Xilgiris, SOOO to 7000 feet elevation. 

 Tlie width of the markings varying much, some specimens being typical L. Mij)rha, 

 some intermediate, and some L. liama" (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1888, 355). In 

 Travancore it is " conunon in the high range of hills " (H. S. Ferguson, Journ. 

 Bombay N. H. S. 1891, 10). Mr. L. de Xiceville says, " Typical specimens from 

 Ceylon, Ti-avancore, the Anamalai and Pulni Hills, and some specimens from 

 Ootacamund are quite distinct from L. Mijrrha [Sanguinalis], but other specimens 

 from Ootacamund, Cannanore and the Wynaad are quite intermediate. L, Eama 

 appears to be constant in Ceylon and in the extreme south of the Peninsula, but in 



