PARNASSIIX^. 103 



abdomen elongated, anal clasps large and valve-like in the Papiliouiuge ; head rather 

 large, front nearly square ; eyes prominent ; palpi genei'ally short, scaled or hairy ; 

 antennsB generally rather long, club elongated; six perfect legs in both sexes; 

 forelegs similar to the other pairs ; tarsal claws all simple (except in Leptocivcus, in 

 which they are sometimes bifid) without pulvilli or other appendages ; tibia of 

 forelegs furnished with a stout lateral spur (.epiphysis) about the middle of the 

 inner side. 



Egg. — Dome-shaped, flattened at the base, slightly rugose ; more oblate and 

 reticulate in the Farnassiinw.. 



Larva. — Adult. Stout; subcylindrical or cylindrical, smooth or granulated, 

 sometimes humped towards the head, not hairy or bristly, but occasionally furnished 

 with rows of flesh^^ tubercles. Prothoracic segment furnished upon the dorsum 

 with two retractile tentacula (osmateria), which are extended when the animal is 

 irritated or alarmed, and then exhale a strong aromatic scent. 



Pupa. — Attached by the tail, generally in an upright position, and secured hj a 

 silken girth round the middle of the body; subfoUiculate in the Parnasdinse ; head 

 bifid, square, subtruncate, or rounded, never pointed. 



Sub family PARNASSIINiE. 



Heliconii (part), Linnffius, Sjst. Nat. x. p. 465 (1758) ; id. xii. 1, 2, p. 754 (1767) ; id. Faun. Suecica, 



p. 268 (1761). 

 Parnassii (part), Gmelin, Syst. :N"at. i. pt. v. p. 2-256 (17S9). Fabricius, Eut. Sjst. iii. 1, p. 181 



(1793). Turton, Linn. Syst. Nat. iii. pt. i, p. 43 (1806). 

 Parnasdi, Cuvier, Tabl. Elem. H. Nat. p. 590 (1798). Latreille, Hist. Nat. Cr. et Ins. iii. p. 395 



(1802). Wallengreii, Lep. Scand. pp. 5, 164 (1853). 

 ParnassinoB, Swainson, Cab. Cycl. pp. 87, 90 (1840). Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 136. 

 ParnassiiJiT, Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 18. 



Pamasndi, Scudder, Butt. U. S. ii. p. 1224 (1889). Tutt, Brit. Butt. p. 84 (1896). 

 ParnassiidcB (part), Grote, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1897, p. 339. 

 Paruassiince, Kirby, Allen's Nat. Hist. Butt. ii. p. 236 (1896). Jordan, Nov. Zjol. v. p. 385 (1898). 



Chabactees of the Parnassiix.e. 



Imago. — Wings semidiaphanous. Forewiiuj subtriangular, rounded exteriorlv; 

 subcostal vein four branched : no connecting basal veinlet between the median and 

 submedian veins. Himlwlng ovate ; with a more or less developed interno-basal 

 veinlet forming a basal costal cell. Body short, stout, hairj- in the male ; female 

 with a corneous anal pouch, produced during coition. 



Egg. — Oblate ; reticulated. 



Larva. — Cylindrical, slightly tuberculate, pubescent ; prothoracic segment 



