180 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



being generally the smallest or the shortest, these spots thus forming a more or less 

 large discal patch, and in some specimens a small dentated spot is contiguously 

 situated within the end of the cell ; the contiguous anal irregular-shaped spot is 

 more elongated. Underside. Foreiviiig duller black ; the vein-streaks pale 

 fuliginous-grey and Ijroader. Hlndiring with the discal white spots as on upperside ; 

 the six submarginal spots and posterior portion of the anal spot bright crimson. 



Female. Upperside. Ground-colour similar to the dry-season form. Forewing 

 with the vein-streaks paler. Hindwiiig with the discal white spots as in the male ; 

 the submarginal lunules broader and paler. Underside similar to the male. 



Expanse, <? ? 3 to 4 inches. 



Larva. — " Adult 1| inch long. Stout, cylindrical and tuberculo\is. Ground- 

 colour velvet brown-black; dorsal line black; four longitudinal rows of fleshy 

 tubercles bright red at the apex and velvety at the base ; a similar lateral row of 

 tubercles on anterior segments ; on seventh segment a milk-white jagged lacerated 

 band reaching right across the body and terminating at the third I'ow of tubercles ; 

 the tubercles on that segment are white with the exception of the third and fourth 

 row ; head black ; segmental incisions dai'k purple-brown ; legs and abdomen 

 beneath black ; stigmates black ; retractile tentacula orange. Yeeds on Aristolochia 

 indica. Habits alow." 



Pupa. — "August 29th ; darkish-brown ; stout and broad, swollen at the sides ; 

 with four pairs of very prominent protuberances on the back of abdomen. Imago 

 emerged September 10th " (Capt. H. L. Chaumette, Lucknow, MS. Notes). 



Habitat. — North Western, Eastern, and Continental India; Ceylon; Burma; 

 Teuasserim ; Siam ; Malay Peninsula ; Nicobars ; Java ; Formosa ; AV. China. 



Historical Note. — Mr. L. de Niccville remarks, " the food plant of this 

 butterfly (Aridolochia) must have been known to Fabricius in Europe in 1775, when 

 he described the insect, and probably named it after the pabulum of the larva " 

 (J. A. S. Beng. 1900, 257). 



Distribution and Habits.- — In North-Western India it is recorded by Mr. P. W. 

 Mackiunon as being " found rai-ely in the Dehra Dun in April and October " (J. 

 Bombay N. H. S. 1S98, 591). Mr. W. Doherty took it "at Ranibagh and Haldwani 

 at the foot of the Hills, Kumaon " (J. A. S. Bengal, 1886, 137). Capt. A. M. Lang 

 says, "Not observed in the North-West Himalayas. It occurs in Oudh, and rare at 

 Umballa" (Ent. Mo. Mag. 186-1, 101). Capt. H. L. Chaumette found and reared the 

 larva in Lucknow in 18(31, feeding on Aridolochia indica, the description of which, 

 from his MS. Notes, is given above. The larvfe were found in August, changed to 

 pupte on the 29th, and the imago emerging on September 10th. The butterfly is 

 found on the wing in Lucknow from April to October, but is not common. It is fond 

 of flving amongst the orange and lime groves, the thorns of which continually destroy 



