223 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



after killed by ants. Five passed successfully through all dangers and became 

 beautiful specimens, one female and four males. All through their lives these larva9 

 continued gregarious, dispersing occasionally to feed, but always returning to rest 

 side by side on the upper surface of a leaf. The following dates may be interesting. 

 Eggs laid, 2iid August ; hatched, 7th August; skins cast (and eaten), 12th August; 

 again, 17th ; and again, 20th to 22nd August. The most advanced cast its skin again 

 on the 2Sth of August, became a jaupa on the 2nd of September, and emerged on the 

 loth of September. The others followed within two days. At first the larvae were 

 of an oily -yellow colour, and bore many pairs of spiny points, but these disappeared 

 ■witli age, and after the last moult there were only the short fleshy processes on the 

 second and last segment which characterize the group, and one additional curved 

 jiair on the ninth segment. The colour after the last moult was a clear slaty-blue, 

 changing eventually to a greenish tint, with light brown markings very much the 

 same as those which characterize the rest of the ErWionius group. The pupa was 

 more abruptly bent back from the middle of the thorax than that of Pap. Eriihonius, 

 and adorned on the thorax with a sword-shaped horn, fully three-eighths of an inch 

 long, and always bent a little either to t!ie right or left. The colour, of the pupa, was 

 brown, or green and yellow, according to situation " (J. Davidson and E. H. Aitken, 

 Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1890, 367). 



Distribution. — " This is not a rare butterfly in Kanara, but more local than 

 most species, owing perhaps to the larva feeding exclusively (so far as we know) on 

 Arronychia laurifolia, a tree which is almost confined to the tops of wooded hills. 

 We have met with the butterfly chiefly from August to October" (J. Davidson and 

 E. H. Aitken, J. Bombay N. H. S. 1S96, 581). The late Mr. S. N. Ward writes, 

 " I found this butterfly only about Calicut, and reai^ed the laiwa " (MS. Notes). The 

 food-plants of the larva are Evodla Eoxbiirghiana and Acronycliia laurifulia, both of 

 the Order Rutacea? " (J. R. D. Bell, J. As. Soc. Beng. 1900, 258). Mr. G. F. 

 Hampson records "two specimens obtained in September on the Western Slopes of 

 the Nilgiris, at 2rj00 feet elevation" (J. As. Soc. Beng. 1888, 364). Mr. H. S. 

 Ferguson records " six specimens taken in Travancore. Seen oftener in the low 

 country than on the Hills, and of those taken, all but one were more or less 

 damaged " (J. Bombay N. H. S. 1891, 440). 



Of our illustrations on Plate 461, fig. 1 represents the larva and pupa copied 

 from Mr. Ward's original drawings ; fig. la, b from a Karwar male, and fig. Ic from 

 a female reared at Calicut by Mr. Ward. 



Philippine Species. — Araminta Antonio (Papilio Antonio, Hewitson, Exnt. 

 Butt. V. Fap. pi. 14, fig. 46, c? (1875). Haase, Untersuch. lib. Mim. p. 39 (181)3). 

 Rothschild, Nov. Zool. ii. p. 284 (1895). Pap. (Araminta) Antonio, Semper, Phil. 

 Tagfalt. p. 274, pi. 47, fig. 4, 6 (1892). Habitat. Mindanao. 



