PAPILIONINJE. 91 



Habitat. — "Western, Central, and Eastern Himalayas ; North-TVestern, Eastern, 

 Central, and South India; Ceylon; Burma; Tenasserim ; Malay Peninsula; Slian 

 States ; Siam ; Tonkin ; Hong Kong ; Hainan ; Formosa. 



Life History. — " Egg. Half a line in diameter, round, golden-brown, pilose. 

 Sloitary, on tlie upper surface of the leaf. 



"Larva. — After first change, \ inch long. Ground colour, ]eih\B,Qk. Dorsal line, 

 none. Lateral line, yellow ochre, irregular, just over feet. Other remarhs : A square 

 patch of milk-white covers the entire upper surface of 11th and 12th segments, and 

 joins a V-shaped patch of same colour on back, the arms of which dilate to the sides 

 of the 6th and 5th segments (towards the head) and there meet a series of squarish 

 broad milk-white patches (one on each segment) from the 4th to 1st segment which 

 form a continuous broad band. Abdomen, pale reddish-brown. Prolegs, reddish- 

 brown, each with a black spot. Thoracic legs, jet black. Anal pair, milk white. 

 Head, jet black. Stigmata, rusty. Miscellaneous. A lateral and sublaterai row of 

 white protuberant oval spots from the 4th to last segment. A double row of 

 curious spines, club shaped and rather spinose at apex, and swollen at base (two 

 rows on either side of back) from the 1st to 4th segment only — from the 5th to 

 last segment there is a single row only. From 5th to 1st segment is a broad 

 longitudinal band of yellow ochre on back. The 1st segment is entirely yellow 

 oclire. Spines on 1st, 8th, and 9th segments yellow ochre. Those on 2ndj 3rd, 4th, 

 5th, 10th, and 11th segments are shining black. Those on 12th segment white 

 tipped with black. Those on 7th segment milk-white. V-shaped tentacula, deep 

 violet. Two small black spots on back of first segment. Ou the anal segment are 

 besides the spines already mentioned, four others directed outwards, and two large 

 milk-white spots behind them. After second change, | inch long. As first change. 

 After third change, nearly 1 inch long. Differs tjy, lateral line almost obsolete. 

 Sides shaded with deep ochre. The double row of spots are either pearl-white, or 

 of a most lovely. ' mauve ' colour. Longitudinal band on back and 1st segment, 

 milk-white instead of yellow oclire. Spines on 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 9th, and 10th 

 segments black ; on 11th and 12tb, black, with white base; on 7th and 8th, amber. 

 At base of each spine, excepting that on the 12th segment, is a large ' mauve ' or 

 pearl-white spot. Tentacula leaden colour. The two outer anal spines ai-e white. 

 Stigmates pale. Two little club-shaped black lines occasionally on back of 11th 

 and 12th segments. Abdomen pale reddish-brown. After last change, length 1:^ to 

 If inch. General characters, flattened on back and sides, spiney, swollen on the 

 anterior segments. Ground colour, ricla velvet purple-black. Lateral line faint 

 velvet black. The double row of spots are of the most beautiful carmine. All the 

 spines except those on anal and penultimate segments are velvet black and moveable, 

 but no longer club shaped — they taper to a point and arise from a swollen carmine 



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