PIERIBJE. 119 



Stephens, III. Brit. Lep. Haust. i. p. 5 (1827) ; id. Catal. Brit. Lep. Brit. Mus. p. i. (1850). 



Westwood, Intr. Ent. ii. p. 347 (1840). Stainton, Manual B. Lep. i. p. 12 (1857). Bates, Journ. 



Ent. i. p. 219 (1861) ; id. ii. p. 177 (186-4). de Niceville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 18 (1882). 



Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 116 (1881). Distant, Rhop. Malay, p. 283 (1885). Scudder, Butt. 



U.S. ii. 1027 (1889). Moore, Lep. Ind. i. p. 3 (1890). 

 Pierides, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lep. i. pp. 163, 402 (1836) ; id. Index Metli. Eur. Lep. p. 4 (1840). 



Westwood, Intr. Ent. ii. p. 349 (1840). Blanchard, Hist. Ins. ii. p. 326 (1845). Kirby, Eur. 



Butt. pp. 2, 7 (1863). Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett. ii. p. 52 (1886). 

 PimA/-, Duponchel, Catal. Lep. Fr. p. 21 (1840); zi. Cat. Lep. Eur. p 23(1844). Doubleday and 



Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep. i. p. 32 (1847). Lang, Eur. Butt. i. p. 26 (1884). Doherty, Journ. As. 



Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 110. Kirby, Allen's Nat. Libr. Butt, ii. p. 137 (1896). Tutt, Brit. Butt. 



pp. 86, 223 (1896). Jordan, Nov. Zool. v. p. 381 (1896). Grote, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 



1897, p. 340. Young, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1903, p. 306. 

 PierincE, S\vain.son, Cab. Cycl. p. 87 (1840). Bates, Journ. Ent. ii. p. 177 (1864). Butler, Catal. 



Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 199 (1869). Kirby, Syn. Catal. D. Lep. p. 428 (1871). Moore, Lep. 



Ceylon, i. p. 116 (1881). Marshall and de Niceville, Butt. Ind. etc. i. p. 18 (1882), Distant, 



Rhop. Malay, p. 283 (1885). Scudder, Butt. U.S. ii. p. 1033 (1889). 

 Heliconides, Wallengren, Lep. Scand. pp. 5, 130 (1853). 

 Pieridi, Stainton, Man. B. Lep. i. pp. 12, 15 (1856). 

 Pieridina, Herr. Schsefeer, Lep. Exot. p. 54 (1858) ; id. Prod. Syst. Lep. p. 7 (1864). Plotz, Mitth. 



Nat. Ver. N. V. Eiingen, xvii. p. 7 (1886). 

 Dismorphiadte et Pieridida, Grote, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xxxix. pp. 13, 18 (1900). 



Characters op the PiERiD.ffi. 



Imago. — Wings of moderate or of small size ; discoidal cells always closed. 

 Foreiving subtriaugular, rarely triangular, apex either rounded or obtusely or 

 pointedly-angled, occasionally subfalcate and tlie outer margin slightly dentated ; 

 subcostal vein either three, four, or Jive branched; the first, and usually also the 

 second branch, is emitted before the end of the cell ; the second being either single 

 or rarely bifid, or the third is bifid or trifid ; the upper radial veinlet is most 

 frequently emitted beyond the end of the cell — and, when so positioned, appears as 

 an additional subcostal branch, the lower radial only then being emitted from the 

 discocellulars ; in some genera five subcostal bi^anches arise consecutively beyond 

 the end of the cell, and the two radials are both emitted from the discocellulars ; 

 median vein three branched ; submedian vein free. Hind^vincj broadly rounded 

 externally, never tailed ; outer margin rarely slightly dentated and with a more 

 prominent angulation at the end of the upper median veinlet ; abdominal margin 

 channelled for the reception of the abdomen ; precostal vein free and emitted at 

 some distance from the base of the costal vein ; no interno-basal costal cell ; a 

 submedian and an internal vein present. Body moderately slender; abdomen of 

 male with moderately large anal valves ; palpi rather long, basal joints hairy ; 

 antenna long, club more or less lengthened, or short, thickened gradually to the 



