120 ■ LEPIDOPTERA INDWA. 



apex, whicli is truncate ; legs all perfect, long, tarsal claws bifid, and mostly with 

 pulvilli and paronychia ; front tibiae without a lateral spur. 



Egg. — " Very tall and slender, tapering toward a much smaller rounded 

 summit, either squarely truncate at the base, or tapering as much or nearly as much 

 as at the summit, so as to render the egg subfusiform; provided with a number of 

 distinct longitudinal ribs and crossed by frequent transverse finer raised lines " 

 (Scudder, I.e. 1033). 



Adult Laeva. — Cylindrical ; very slightly tapering at the ends ; body smooth 

 or uniformly clothed with short fine pubescence arising from minute warts, or the 

 hairs are longish and sparsely distributed ; head free ; prothoracic segment not 

 furnished with retractile tentacula. 



Pupa. — Attached by the tail and a girth round the body ; slender, angulated ; 

 head more or less pointed. 



Habits op Laev^., etc. — " All the larvte of the Pierida^ lie, when full grown, 

 on the upperside of the leaf, and, when solitary (some of them are gregarious) along 

 the mid-rib, coating the leaf where they lie with a bed of silk. The eggs are 

 generally laid singly on the upper surface of the leaf or on young shoots; exceptions 

 to this are Teracolus amatiis, Appias Hippoides, and Delias Eucharis, — this last is 

 aberrant also in that the eggs are laid on the underside of the leaf, where the larvae 

 herd together, — Belenois Mesentina, Terias SUlietana, which lay their eggs in clusters, 

 the larva3 of these, when young, are gregarious, bi;t generally, when full grown, 

 separate where the food is plentiful. The egg of the Pieridje is spindle-shaped, 

 standing on one end, and is always more or less strongly ridged longitudinally and 

 striated finely transversely; in colour it is generally pure white, turning to yellow or 

 orange, that of Nychitona Xiphia is blue, and that of Hupldna blotched with red. 

 With few exceptions, the Pieridte are very much alike in the larva state, more alike 

 than the different species of one genus often are among the Xymphalidte. The head 

 is large, the body long and somewhat depressed, without excrescences, but rough 

 owing to the presence of minute tubercles discernible generally only with the aid of a 

 lens ; the colour is gi'een, with usually a lateral stripe " (Davidson, Bell, and Aitken, 

 Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1896, 569). 



Caxnibalisj:. — " The larvse of Appias will eat each other and any other species 

 of larva feeding on the same food-plant as themselves, if forced to it by huuger. I 

 have seen the larvte of ^Ipijnas Libytliea and A. Taprubana eat freshly-formed pupse 

 of their own species, as well as larvje changing their skins, and also the larvse and 

 pupse of Leptosia A;>/(m" (J. R. D. Bell, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1900, 189). 



Food Plakts. — The larv^ of tlie Pierida3 feed on plants of the IS at. Orders 

 Lriiuminosx, Loranthacese, and Gapparidacea:. 



SwakminCt and Migratoey Habit;^ of Imago. — A pseudonymous author, " Eha," 



