138 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



spot, a cell spot, a curved discal broken sinuous macular baud and marginal row of 

 somewhat quadrate spots. 



Female. UiDperside wliite. Forewing with the basal area more broadly 

 irrorated with darker scales, the white-spotted black apical band broader, the cell 

 spot larger, the lower discal black spot always present, below which latter is a slender 

 blackish marginal streak. Bimhring with the dark markings of the underside 

 distinctly indicated, the basal being greyish-black scaled, the discal macular band 

 and coalesced marginal spots distinctly black-scaled. Underside similar to the 

 male. 



Expanse, c? Ij^o to 2^q, ? 2 to 2-^^ inches. 



Larva. — Adult. " Head yellow, round, thickly covered with black dots, each 

 emitting a black hair. Body bluish-grey, with tubercular black spots, each glossy 

 and emitting a black hair ; a lateral yellow stripe, not very noticeable, from its low 

 position, and from being interrupted at each segment ; spiracles flesh colour with 

 paler whitish centre very inconspicuous and situated on the yellow stripe ; belly 

 along the middle glaucous and paler than the green beneath the spiracular stripe." 



Pupa. — " Whitish, with numerous black dots " (Buckler, I.e. 121). 



Habitat. — S. Europe; Asia Minor; Persia; S. Asia; W. China; Ladak; 

 Kashmir ; W. Himalayas ; Afghanistan ; Beluchistan. 



DiSTEiBUTiON (Within our Area). — Col. C. Swinhoe recoi'ds it from " Quetta, in 

 Beluchistan, males and females being taken in May; males also caught in a maize- 

 field near Ghaman on August 16th, 1880" (Ann. Nat. Hist. 1882, 4). Col. Swinhoe 

 also obtained it in " Quetta from February to April, and again in August and 

 September ; at Goolistan in April ; Chaman, May aud August ; Balgai and Kasian, 

 June ; Kandahar, February, April, August, and October. Common everywhere above 

 the Bolan Pass " (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1885, 342). Major Rowland Roberts obtained it at 

 " Kokei'an, near Kandahar, where it was common in June, frequenting cultivated 

 ground and gardens. It settles suddenly on a flower and is as suddenly off again " 

 (P. Z. S. 1880, 410). Capt. A. M. Lang writes, " This butterfly occurs in the 

 valleys of Upper Kunawur, also in the Spiti Valley, which is geographically, 

 Tibetan. In Spiti and Gughe, the few valleys are oases of barley, millet, and 

 buckwheat for 5 or 6 months in the year ; the whole country being perfectly treeless 

 and bare of all vegetation but Artemisia, Astragalus, a few oases and sparse grasses. 

 In these village oases, among the fields, moist and luxuriant from the waters of the 

 snow-rills, this butterfly swarms, but it never leaves the verdure of the villages " 

 (MS. Notes). " I saw this butterfly iu considerable numbers, flying about the village 

 fields of cereals and turnips, in the villages on the Spiti River, Leo, Chango, 

 Shialkur, etc., and iu the Chinese frontier village of Sbipkee " (/(/. P. Z. S. 1865, 

 489). Dr. Jerdou obtained specimens in the " Valley of Kaschmir " (Eut. Mo. Mag. 



