PTERINS. 197 



pure white and rich yellow as the male, differing chiefly in the absence of the 

 subapical yellow spot on the forewing below. Like the male it was always flitting 

 up and down the sunny paths at the edges of the wood, only alighting from time to 

 time for a moment or two. Intermediate specimens occurred, and there was no 

 possibility that the species coiald be different ; but the forms were so unlike that 

 they might almost claim to be called dimorphic." Mr. H. J. Elwes records it as 

 "very common in Sikkim at low elevations, from 2,000 to 5,000 feet, from March 

 to November " (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 418). Mr. L. de Niceville says it is " one of the 

 commonest butterflies in Sikkim, at low elevations, and flies from March to 

 December" (Sikk. Gaz. 1894, 169). Of the ivet-season form we possess specimens 

 from Manipur, taken by Dr. G. Watt ; Nowgong, Assam (Mrs. Span) ; Cachar, 

 taken in June; Sikkim and Bhotan (G. C. Dudgeon); Nepal (Gen. G. Ramsay); 

 Bassein, Burma, April ; Chittagong, October ; Moulmein (W. S. Atkinson) ; 

 Bhamo, November (Dr. L. Fea) ; and of the dry-seasofi hrm {Vacans) both sexes 

 from Sikkim ; males from Chittagong, Burma, taken in January ; Moulmein, 

 January ; a Bhamo female, November (Dr. L. Fea) ; Chindwin, December ; 

 Col. C. H. E. Adamson took it at Mogoung, Burma, in January ; Dr. J. Anderson 

 obtained it in " Mergui, December ; Thaing and King Islands in February " 

 (J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, 49). In the British Museum are specimens of the niet- 

 season form from Jorehat, June, Shillong and Sibsagar, Assam ; Manipur ; Bhamo, 

 Pegu, Moulmein, Burma; and of the dry-season form (Vacans) from Maldah, Upper 

 Bengal ; Modah, Irriwaddy, Burma, March ; Toungoo, March. Dr. N. Manders 

 records "both sexes of the wet-season form from Sawlon, but was not taken in the 

 Shan States" (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1890, 534). Col. Adamson records the sexes of both 

 forms as " exceedingly common in Burma" (List, 1897,43). Mr. J. Wood-Mason 

 records " both sexes numerous in forests, in Cachar, from April to September " 

 (J. As. Soc. Bengal, 1886, 372). 



The allied species " Hippo, Cramer, in Sumatra," write Mr. L. de Niceville and 

 Dr. L. Martin, "is a constant species, and does not exhibit the great seasonal 

 dimorphism which is found in the Indian forms. It is found throughout the year, 

 but only in or near the forest. The males often assemble twenty or thirty together 

 on a small puddle on the road, the female is found in the forest hunting for flowers 

 for herself, or for the food-plant of her larva. Dr. Martin has often seen them on 

 the same flower that is frequented by the female of Udaiana Gijnis. He has bred 

 the butterfly from the larvae found feeding on a small shrub called by the Battaks 

 ' Daoen Tangla,' which grows on the banks of rivers. The larva superficially does 

 not greatly diifer from the larvte of the Catoimlias, but in shape is more slender. The 

 pupa, however, is quite different, with a stellar indented thorax. Tlie imago 

 emergesiu seven days" (J. As. Soc. Beng. 1895, 501). 



