200 LEPIDOPTERA INDIGA. 



upperside. Hhidwing yellow ; costal and subcostals brown lined ; marginal band 

 broad, its inner edge deeply sinuous. 



Expanse, S 2-^%, ? 2^o to 2^^ inches. 



Habitat. — South India. 



Distribution, Habits, Larva. — We possess males from Kanara, taken by the 

 late Mr. S. N. Ward. Col. 0. Swinhoe has both sexes from Karwar. Messrs. 

 Davidson and Aitken record it as being " found in the forests on the slopes and 

 crest of the Ghats, and is common, but seems to come oiit more during the rainy- 

 season. We have bred it from December to May, on the Caper {Cratxvia religiosa). 

 The eggs are laid in clusters. The larva and pupa are not very different from 

 A. LUiythea, the pupa may be distinguished from it by the second segment being 

 produced laterally into a tougue-like process, which embraces the shoulder " (J. 

 Bombay N. H. S. 1896, 574). Mr. G. F. Hampson found it " rare in the Nilgiris, at 

 from 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation " {I.e. p. 362). Mr. H. S. Ferguson records it as 

 " not uncommon in the low country of Travancore from April to August. Rare in 

 the Hills, 2,000 to 4,000 feet (I.e. p. 444). Capt. E. Y. Watson obtained a female, 

 probably of a dry-season form, at " Kathlekan, Madras, in December " {Lc. 1890, 

 p. 8). In the British Museum are specimens from the Nilgiris ; Borsippa Falls, 

 September (Watson) ; Malabar {ex Coll. P. Crowley) ; and Trevandrum, 

 Travancore. 



Of our illustrations on Plate 541, fig. 3, 3a are from a Malabar male, and 3b 

 from a Karwar female. 



APPIAS ZELMIRA. 



Wet-season Brood (Plate 542, fig. 1, la, cj, 1, b, c, ? ). 



Papilio Zelmira, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 320, fig. C. D. ? (1782).— wee fig. E. F.) 



Ajipias Zdmira, Hiibiier, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 91 (1816). Butler, Cistala Ent. i. p. 49 (1870) ; id. 



Ann. Nat. Hist. 1898, p. 392. Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 839 ; !<l. Journ. Lion. Soc. 



Zool. 1886, p. 49. de jS'ice'ville, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1885, p. 50; id. 1886, pp. 372—432. 



Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 309. Watson, Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1S94, p. 497-S, 



pi. 2, fig. 1—5, (J ; id. I.e. 1897, p. 670. Kirby, Allen's Nat. Libr. Butt. ii. p. 173 (1896). 



Adamson, List Burm. Butt. 1897, p. 44. 

 Pier i.-i Zelmira, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lep. i. p. 533, ? (1836). 

 TacJnjris Zelmira, Butler, Catal. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 210 (1869). Kirby, Syu. Catal. D. Lep. p. 465 



(1871). 

 Pterin: yerittsa, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lep. i. p. 335 (1836), ncc Fabricius. 

 Tachyris Nerissa, Wallace, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. 364. 



Appias Lihythea (pt.), Fiuhstorfer, Deuts. Ent. Zeit. 1902, p. 293 ; id. Soc. Ent. 1903, pp. 26, 41. 

 Appias Libythea, de Niceville, Sikkim Gazetteer, 1894, p. 169. 



