158 LEPIDOPTEBA INDICA. 



APHNJIUS VULCANUS. 

 Plate 733, figs. 1, <J , la, 9 , lb, ^ , Ic, larva and pupa. 



Papilio mlcanus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 519 (1775); id. Sp. Ins. p. 114 (1781) ; id. Mant. Ins. ii. 



p. 66 (1787). Donovan, Ins. Ind. pi. 38, fig. 3, ? (1800). Herbst. Pap. pi. 301, figs. 5, 6, ? 



(1804). 

 Hesperia vulcaniis, Pabrioius, Ent. Syst. iii. (1), p. 264 (1793). 

 Pohjommatus vulcanus, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 644 (1823). 

 AphndeiiB vulcanus, Hiibner, Samml. Ex. Scbmett. (1816-41). Butler, Cat. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 182 



(1869). de Niceville, Butt, of India, iii. p. 349 (1890). Watson, Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 



1890, p. 35. Betham, id. 1891, p. 182. Davidson, Bell and Aitken, id. 1896, p. 385. 



Maekinnon and de Niceville, id. 1898, p. 386. de Rhe-Philipe, id. 1902, p. 489. Aitken and 



Comber, id. vol. xv. 1903, p. 49. 

 Spindasis vulcanus, de Niceville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1885, p. 49. Doherty, id. 1886, p. 127. 

 Aplinseus (Spindasis) vulcanus, Hampson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1888, p. 359. 

 Amhhjpodia vulcanus, Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E.I.C. p. 106 (1829). 

 Pcqjilio etolus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pi. 208, figs. E, P, ? (1779). 

 Aphndius etolus, Hewitson, III. Diurn. Lep. p. 61, pi. 25, figs. 3, 4, $ (1865). 

 Aphiseus bracteatus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 147, pi. 24, tigs. 10, ?; 11, ^ . Swinhoe, id. 



1886, p. 428. 

 Aphnseus tigrinus, Moore, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1884, p. 25. Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1885, 



p. 134. Waterhouse, Aid, ii. pi. 163, figs. 2, 2a, ? (1885). 

 Spindasis tigrina, de Niceville, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1885, p. 49. 



Imago.— Male. Upperside dark brown, with a more or less violet tinge. Forewing 

 usually with three short orange-red transverse bands in the upper part of the wing, 

 these bands are of various lengths in different specimens, and all descend from near the 

 costa downwards, the sub-apical band the shortest, the discal band the longest, in 

 some examples there is an orange- red sub-basal mark, and another on the costa at its 

 middle, and there is also an indication of a sub-marginal band. Hindwing with an 

 anal orange-red patch, which in most examples narrows upwards for a short distance 

 sub-marginally, a small black spot in the anal lobe, another on the margin between the 

 two tails, both with some silvery-blue scales attached to them ; tails black, with minute 

 white tips, the orange-red colour of the anal patch running half way up both of them ; 

 both wings with black outer marginal line and whitish cilia with a black base. 

 Underside pale whitish-sulphury -yellow, bands red-brown edged with dark In-own, with 

 inner silvery macular lining. Forewing with a thin sub-costal basal streak, a short, 

 club-shaped medial basal streak, a broad band from the costal fourth to vein 2 with 

 a dark brown mark below it which extends inwards to the base, a medial band forked 

 upwards above its middle, is outwardly oblique and touches the sub-marginal band, a 

 little above the sub-median vein, a short sub-apical band composed of two conjoined 

 oval spots, from the costa to the middle of the interspace below vein 4, where it touches 

 the sub-marginal band ; all these bands have irregular edges ; the sub-marginal baud. 



