160 LEPIDOPTEBA INDICA. 



thetys, Drury. The mouth-like opening in the dorsal line on the posterior edge of the 

 eleventh segment is very conspicuous under a magnifying glass. The whole body is 

 finely shagreened, and the lateral edge and anal segment bear a fringe of numerous 

 somewhat stout colourless hairs. The larva in Calcutta feeds on Clerodendron 

 siplionanthus, R. Br. 



Pupa, always found in a spun-up leaf or leaves, is either green or dark brown, of 

 the usual lycsenid shape, smooth and shining, the head rounded, the thorax anteriorly 

 slightly humped and angled at the sides, the abdomen gradually tapering posteriorly. 

 There is much of interest in the habits of the larvge of A. vulcanus. They are most 

 carefully tended by two somewhat small species of black ants, which Dr. A. Forel, of 

 Geneva, has identified for me as Pheidoie quadripinosa, Jerdon, and Cremastogaster 

 n. sp. (nicevillei, Forel, MS.). A full dozen of these ants may be seen all at once on 

 the body of a full-grown larva, and many others round about, so covering the larva 

 that little else but ants is visible ; the larvse do not seem to mind the ants at all. 

 The larvae pass most of their time in roUed-up leaves (only issuing forth when hungry 

 to eat the surrounding leaves, always returning to their shelters when the meal is over), 

 several in each shelter, four being the greatest number I have seen in any one shelter. 

 Larvae of very different ages are to be found in the same shelter. Some of these nests 

 are formed of two separate leaves spun together with silk, but usually the outer edges 

 of a single leaf are spun together. When about to pupate, the fuU-growm larva spins 

 a cocoon between two leaves. It is very slight, and both ends are left open ; it is made 

 of white silk, the entire structure being exactly like the nests certain green spiders spin 

 between leaves in which they lie in wait for their prey. The ants which attend these 

 larvae make a nest in the stem of the plant on which the larvae feed, often in a single 

 l)ranch of the plant. There is only one hole to the nest, far too small for a full-grown 

 Aphnccus larva to enter, but the ants take the small larvae inside, (de Niceville.) 



Habitat. — Throughout India, except the desert tracts, Ceylon, Java. 



A common species ; we have a fine series from many parts of India, including 

 many examples of hracteatus and tigrina. They cannot be separated from vidcanus. 

 Grote bred this species in Calcutta on Ixora longifolia ; our figures of the larva and 

 pupa are from his drawings, the full-grown larva being in its early stage. 



APHNJIUS PUSCA. 



Plate 733, figs. 2, $ , •2a, ? , 2b, ? . 



Aphiseus fusca, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 106, pi. 41, figs. 2, 2b, ^ ; 2a, 9 (1S81). de Niceville, 

 Butt, of India, iii. p. 351 (1890). 



Imago. — Male. Upperside dark brown. Forewing with a slight violet tint ; a 

 short discal transverse orange-red streak, a shorter streak about the middle, a small 



