30 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



TIRUMALA LIMNIACE (Plate 6, fig. 1, larva and pupa, la, b, (J ?). 



Papilio Limniace, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 59, fig. D E (1775), ? . Herbst., Nat. Ins. vi. pi. 123, fig. 



3, 4 (1793). 

 Danais Limniace, Godart, Encycl. Meth, ix. p. 191 (1819). Semper, Mu?, Godeffroy, xiv. Lep. p. 



139, pi. 8, fig. 6, ^ (1 879). Staudinger, Exot. Schmett. p. 49, pi. 24, $ (1885). 

 Tirutnala Livmiace, Moore, Lepidoptera of Ceylon, i. p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 3 (1S80), i(i. Proo. Zool. Soc. 



Loud. 1883, p. 230. Hampson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1888, p. 347. 

 Danais (Tirutnala) Limniace, Marshall and DeNioeville, Butt, of India, i. p. 47 (1882). 

 Popz'Zio ^rafjCMs, Gmelin. Syst. Nat. i. 5, p. 2289 (1788-93). Zschach, Mus. Leskeanuni, Ent. p. 89 



(1788). 

 Papilio similis (part), Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 58 (1793). 



Danais leopardus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 52. x 



Petiver, Gazophyl. i. pi. 92, fig. 13. 



Imago. — Male and female. Uppei'side blue-black, with large and broad dia- 

 phanous bluish-white markings. Forewing with a discoidal claviform streak and 

 large constricted spot beyond, a lengthened spot and a lower streak beneath the cell 

 — the two latter in some specimens are coalesced and thus form a hatchet-shaped 

 mark, in others either both or only one joins the lower discal spot ; three discal 

 spots (the lower sometimes joined to the contiguous streak), above which are three 

 or five narrow subapical spots obliquely from the costa; a submarginal irregular 

 series of small spots, and a marginal row of smaller spots. Hiruliving with the 

 bluish-white cell mark traversed by a single or forked slender streak ; an upper discal 

 series of spots, the two lower being elongated, a lower discal series of slender 

 lengthened streaks, an irregular submarginal and a marginal series of small spots. 

 Male ivith a j^rominent scent-poiich situated between the lower median and sub- 

 median veins. Head, thorax, and palpi white spotted, a dorsal streak on thorax and 

 femora beneath, white ; abdomen brown above, ochreous and white beneath. Under- 

 side golden-brown, in some greenish-brown, the basal area of forewing being black ; 

 markings as above; the protruding pouch of male black edged. 



Expanse, 2f to 3f inches. 



Larva. — Yellowish-white or yellowish-green, with a pair of long fleshy filaments 

 on the third segment and a short pair on the twelfth segment, the filaments black and 

 greenish-white, longitudinally lined with black points ; each segment marked with 

 transverse black bars, one on each thicker and bifurcating near the lateral line, a 

 narrower bar at anterior edge, and two narrower bars also at posterior part of the 

 segment ; lateral band yellow ; head and feet ringed with black. 



PaPA. — Suspended by the tail. Somewhat cylindrical, constricted below the 

 thorax ; green, with golden scattered dots and beaded dorsal crescent. 

 Habitat. — India, Ceylon, Burma, Nicobars, 



