40 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



(J. Linn. Soc. xxi. 30) took it in " Mergui in December and Marcli." In the 

 Nicobars it has been taken on tlie Island of Katscball (J. A. S. Beng. 1882, 15). 

 In Cevlon, Mr. M. F. Mackwood writes that it is " found all over the island, but 

 principally in low country. A few joining in tte November and December flights. 

 Larva found on Calotropis." 



Geographical Distribution outside Indian area. — Bordering our immediate North- 

 western limits, we have note of its capture by Col. C. Swinhoe in Southern Afghanis- 

 tan (P. Z. S. 1885, 337), who obtained specimens " at Koondalane in March, at Mach 

 in August, at Chaman in May, at Quetta in September, and at Kandabar in October. 

 It was nowhere common, but one or two were to be seen occasionally wherever we 

 stayed, throughout the year, when the weather was not too cold. Specimens taken in 

 the winter mouths being of a much, smaller size than those taken in tbe warmer 

 months." "Westward, it extends through Persia and Asiatic Turkey to Soutb-eastern 

 Europe ; occurring also in Eastern Africa, at Aden and Socotra, Southern and South- 

 western Africa, the Islands of Madagascar, Comoroo, Johanna, Mauritius, and 

 Rodriguez. Eastward of our limits — in Siam, Malay Peninsula, Penang, Singapore, 

 Sumatra, Nias— (a variety, in which the forewing bas the wbite of the subapical 

 band extending through the cell towards the base, and, on the bindwing has white 

 discal dashes, from Nias, being described by Weymer (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1885, 258) as 

 L. darijjpus). In the paper on Major Yerbery's Aden Collection, Mr. Butler remarks 

 (P. Z. S. ]884, 478) that at Aden " we find L. chrysq^ims gradually passing into L. 

 alcifims and freely intermarrying with the Indo-African and Lower-Nubian types of 

 L. dorip})ns ; yet as the range of these forms does not by any means correspond, they 

 are practically distinct." Even in Africa, where L. chnjsippus has a wide range, it 

 does not appear to co-exist with L. alcippus : it is true that the range of the latter 

 species can be but imperfectly traced ; thus in the British Museum series we only 

 have it from Sierra Leone to Ashanti, and in Mr. Godman's collection are specimens 

 fi'om Sierra Leone, Cape Coast Castle, Winnebah, Senegal, Lower Niger, Sennaar, 

 Abyssinia, and Kimberley, showing that it occurs here and there at wide intervals 

 over a great part of Africa, but does not extend south further than the Orange 

 River. The existence of a Hypollmnas, the female of which is modified in imitation 

 of L. alcippus, and occurring at the Victoria Nyanza, further indicates that the species 

 exists or formerly did exist there. On the other hand we have received L. chrysipipus 

 from South, South-westeim, and Easteni Africa, Madagascar, Comoroo, and Socotra 

 islands, but nowhere have we known it to occur together with L. Alcippus, the latter 

 species is indeed omitted from Mr. Trimen's " Rhop. Africas Australis." 



Judging from its present distribution, it would seem likely that L. Alcippus had 

 formerly extended from the Somali Coast through Abyssinia almost in a straight line 



