14 LEPIDOPTERA INDIGA. 



of Africa, tlie form named L. Alcix)ini.s occurs, and in all sucli places tlie protected 

 form of the female of E. Misipxnis is found witli white hindwings ; and in Aden, as 

 well as in parts of the interior of Africa, and also on the Kutch coast in Sind, there 

 is a form of L. Ghrymppus, without the black apical patch to the forewings, named 

 L. Borippus [L. Klugii, Butler], and in these places the female of H. Misipims is also 

 similarly coloured and marked. This foi^m of the female of E. Misippus is frequently 

 to be seen in Bombay and other parts of India, and it is not at all uncommon, though 

 not nearly so plentiful as the L. Ghrysippits form of female. On observing this T 

 bave for some years collected all the L. Ghrysippus I could, in the expectation of 

 o-ettino- some L. Borippus [Klugii, Butler], and in this I have not been disappointed, 

 and have now specimens in my collection from Bombay, Poona, Khandalla, and from 

 the Punjab. It (L. Elugii) is, however, nothing like so common as the female of 

 E. Misippus, which mimics this form, reversing the rule that the imitating species 

 are comparatively rare whilst the imitated swarm in large numbers ; but this only 

 shows that in former ages, in these places, the form L. doripipus [Klugii] was a 

 common form, and that it has gradually been dying out and is now very nearly extinct. 

 On the principle tbat mimicry is merely for protection, and that the protected 

 butterflies are those most abundant, we would here in India naturally expect 

 to find the several species of the subfamilies Euploeina and Limnaina more frequently 

 mimicked than in any other kind, because many of the species of both these sub- 

 families are to be found in great abundance in most parts of India, and all are 

 distasteful to birds, lizards, &c., and this is actually the case. Pirst we will take the 

 Euploeina, of which the common form is B. Gore. It has many allies all over India, 

 and its allies are more or less closely mimicked by several species of Papilioninte — 

 Papilio panope, P. Glytia, P. dravidarum, and the female of P. Castor, also P. tavoyana, 

 which exactly mimics E. Alcathm from the same parts. Other butterflies which also 

 mimic the Euploeina, is the female oi Eypolimnas tolina the Euripus Ealitherses, the 

 females of which mimic E. rliadamanthus (and the males have a fair resemblance to 

 T. limniace), of the subfamily Nymphalinfe. In the subfamily Elymninje are 

 Elymnias leucocyina and Dyctis patna, the sexes of which mimic the same 

 sexes of E. Midnmvs [Linnei]. Amongst the moths are two species of Amesia, 

 of the family Chalcosiidas, A. aliris, which mimics the male, and A. midama 

 which mimics both the sexes of E. midamiis [Linnei] . In the red Limnaina, 

 we have L. Ghrysippus and allies, the females of Eypolimnas Misippus mi- 

 micking all these as before stated. Then we have <S'. Genutia mimicked by 

 the females of three different species of Elymnias, i.e. E. fraterna, in Ceylon, 

 E. caudata in S. India, and E. undularis with white hindwings the 8. Eegesippus, 

 in Burma. Cadnga tyfia is mimicked by both sexes of Eestina nama, by 

 Papilio Agesfor and P. Xenocles in Sikkim, and by its allies P. Govindva or P. 



