EUPLCEIK^E. 11 



seems very probable that tliese tufts or brushes of hair are used like holy-water sprinklers 

 (Aspergilli) for disseminating the scent with which their bodies are charged as an 

 attraction for the females or to warn off their enemies ; but it should be observed 

 that the females are similarly odoriferous, though they are unfurnished with the male 

 disseminating organs." What is still more extraordinary, in many genera of the group 

 Limnaina, the males also possess one or more little pouches upon the surface of the 

 hindwings, variously situated between the lower veins, from the ' Androconia ' or 

 scent-scales within which an odour is emitted different from that common to the 

 butterfly. So, also, in many genera of the group Buploeina, the males have a longi- 

 tudinal patch of Androconia or scent-scales situated between the lower median and 

 submedian veins on the upper surface of the front wings, whilst other genera have 

 in addition to this longitudinal patch an enlarged patch of specialized (presumably 

 scented) scales on the upper side of the hindwing where it is overlapped by the front- 

 wing. Other genera, again, are in possession of two of these longitudinal patches 

 of scent-scales. 



Genehal Disteibdtion akd Chaeacteetstics. — "The butterflies of this subfamily 

 are almost entirely confined to the equatorial regions of Asia and America, but very 

 few genera, poorly represented in species, occurring outside these districts, the 

 paleogean forms belong, as a rule, to distinct genera from those found in the New 

 World, and form a group apart from the Neogean genera as arranged by systematists. 

 The single genus Anosia forms a striking exception to this rule, for although ori- 

 ginally peculiar to the New World and widely distributed therein, it belongs to the 

 Old World type. 



" The species of Euploeinse are invariably very numerous in individuals on both 

 continents, and, as proved mainly by the researches of Messrs. Bates, Wallace, Eritz 

 Miiller, and Trimen, are the objects of unconscious mimicry by other butterflies, and by 

 one another to an extraordinary extent " (Scudder, I. c). Of this latter form of mimicry, 

 several tables enumerating many such cases among the related Asiatic genera in the two 

 groups Limnaina and Euploeina, are given (P. Z. S. 1883, pp. 207 — 212) in my mono- 

 graph of this subfamily. " These butterflies have elongated and rounded wings. The 

 palpi and antenna are rather short, the abdomen of unusual length, and the legs long 

 and stout, the perfect ones furnished only with closely appressed scales ; the integument 

 of the body is tough and elastic. The male abdomen is furnished at the tip with 

 extensible pencils of long straight hairs." 



" The caterpillars are stout, fleshy and cylindrical, tapering anteriorly. In the 

 Old World type always, in the New World sometimes, two or more segments ai-e 

 furnished above with a pair of long, slender, flexible, tapering filaments, forming a 

 characteristic feature. According to Mr.Wood-Mason the anterior pair " are articulated 

 and freely movable at the base and function as antennae." (Butt, of India, i. 22), but 



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