EUPLCEIN.E. 9 



291), and afterwards to Danaus (Gen. C. et Ins. iv. 201) taking for his type species 

 the D. 2ilexii:>2^\(S. 



From the above historical enumeration of the restriction of the Danai to the 

 D. candidi or modern Pierinas, it is evident that the action of these earlier authors, in 

 accordance with the inexorable law of priority, must take precedence of that of 

 Latreille, who adopted species of the D. festivi as representing his genus Danaus. 

 It therefore follows that its use, as subsequently applied by Latreille, cannot be 

 retained in this group of butterflies, neither in its generic nor family form. 



CHAKACTEKS OF THE EUrLCEIN^. 

 Imaoo. — " Butterflies of large or moderate size. Head large, front swollen a little, 

 protuberant beneath. Antennie inserted on the summit, not in a pit, nearly as long 

 as the abdomen, the club pretty long, and not very broad. Palpi stout, tufted with 

 hairs, mostly ranged in a vertical plane. Thorax stout, rather compressed. Fore- 

 wings elongated, produced at the upper outer angle and generally more or less 

 excised along the middle of the outer border, the tip rounded and the outer border 

 never angulated, except, occasionally, in a very slight degree ; costal vein terminating 

 a little beyond the middle of the front border, subcostal veinlets varying in their 

 origin, usually at least one of which is emitted before the end of the cell; the cell at 

 least half, and usually moi'e than half the length of the wing, closed completely;" 

 sometimes an incipient or lengthened spur, or recurrent veinlet, is emitted within the 

 cell from either the upper or lower discocellular veinlet ; " first branch of the median 

 vein sometimes arising at the middle but usually at some distance beyond the middle 

 of tbe cell, last branch curving at its base pretty strongly, often abruptly, toward 

 the subcostal veinlets; internal veinlet, when present, very slender, and running 

 into the submedian vein close to the base, causing the latter to appear as if double 

 at its origm. Hindwings rounded, much smaller than the forewings, the disparity in 

 length being greater than in any other subfamily ; margins regular, tailless, the inner 

 margin is sometimes guttered ; costal vein terminating generally near the middle of 

 the costal border, but sometimes reaching the outer angle ; cell closed by a strong 

 vein ; median veinlets nearly equidistant, the first one generally arising beyond 

 the middle of the cell; submedian vein usually terminating at the outer border, 

 sometimes at the anal angle ; internal vein usually terminating at the anal angle. 

 Males mostly possessing one or more pouches concealing scent-producing scales 

 ['androconia'], or a surface patch or patches of such scales on the hind wing; 

 and sometimes a surface patch or patches on the forewing. Forelegs greatly 

 atrophied in the male, less so in the female ; in the male the tarsi consist of a nearly 

 undivided joint, unarmed, in the female the tarsus ends abruptly, but consists of 

 several, though not the normal number of joints, each furnished at the tip beneath 

 VOL. I. 



