LEPIjDOPTEEA indica. 



caterpillar and plunged into tlie same pad, from wliicli it sliakes off tlie now useless 

 larval cuticle, is exceedingly interesting." 



Subfamily I.— EUPLCEIN^. 



Danai fedici, Linnfeiis, Sj'st. Nat. (1758). 



FesHci, Fatricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 39 (17i'3) ; Weber, Xomen. Ent, p. 99 (1795). Turton, Sj'st. 



Entom. ii. p. 5i (1806). 

 Tribuni, Herbst, ISTat. Syst. Ins. (1793). Scudder, Syst. Eev. Amer. Butt. 1872, p. 28. 

 Limnades, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schrnett. p. 14 (1816). 

 Danaidiens, Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. iv. p. 26 (1817). 

 Heliconidw (part) Swainson. Heliconiidce (part) Westwood ; Doubleday. 

 Danaides, Boisduval. Danaites, Blanchard. 



Danaidce, Doubleday, Gen. D. Lep. p. 84 (1847) ; Felder, Wien. Ent. Mon. vi. 74 (1862). 

 Danainoi, Bates Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. p. 516 (1862) ; Kirby, Syn. Catal, D. Lep. p. 1 (1871) ; 



Distant, Ehopalocera Malayana, p. 3 (1882) ; Marshall and De Niceville, Butt, of Ind., &c., i. p. 21 



(1882) ; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt. i. p. 50 (1887). 

 Banaina et Helicoimia (part), Herricli Schseifer, Prod, Syst. Lep. p. 10 (1864). 

 Danaiden et Neotrqpiden, Scbaatz (1885). 

 Euplaeincp, Moore, Lepidoptera of Ceylon, i. p. 1. (1881); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend. 1888, p. 213; 



Scudder, Butt. E. United States, i. 703 (1889). 



The Subfamily Appellation. — Linu^us, in liis " Sjstema IVaturse," lOth Ed. 

 pp. 467, 470 (1758), used tlie name Danaus for both of the sections of his " Papilio 

 Danai," namely the D. candidi and D. festivi, the species enumerated under the first 

 section being modern " PieriuiB " and those of the second section mostly " EuploeiuEe." 

 In 1777, Esper (Die Schmett. i. p. 53) used Dancnis in a generic sense for species 

 of Pierince, representing the Linneau D. candidi, and in 1784 Esper (Natur. des 

 Linneischen Systems, p. 214) again cites Danaus for species of Piei'iuEe. In 1788, 

 Borkhausen (Natur. Eur. Schmett.) establishes his 4th ' Horde,' the " Danai," on 

 modern Pierinas. In 1793 Fabi'icius (Ent. Syst. iii. p. 39) separated the modern 

 Danainae under the name of Festivi, and restricted the term Danai to the D. candidi o? 

 Linnaeus. In 1795 Weber (Nomen. Ent. pp. 99, 106) followed the restriction 

 of Fabricius. In 1798 Cuvier (Tableau Element. d'Hist. Nat. p. 590) cites species 

 of PieriuEB oilly under Danai. In 1798 also, Cederheilm (Faunte Ingricte Prod. p. 

 206) uses Danaus for Pierince only. In 1801, Panzer (Faun. Ins. Germ. Hefte, 73 — 

 84, p. xi.) also adopts Danaus generically for species of Pierinas. In 1802 AValckena^r 

 (Fauna Parisienne, ii. p. 266) gives only Pierince under Danai. In 1806 Turton 

 (Gen. Syst. Entom. 11, p. 64) also restricts the Danai to species of Pierinte. 



Up to this period we see that the Danai of LinuEsus has been restricted by the 

 various authors cited to the species of modern Pierincs. In 1805 Latreille used the 

 name Danaida (Sonn. Buff. siv. 108) which he altered to Danais in 1807 (111. Mag. vi. 



