4 LEPIBOPTERA INDICA. 



inner side, and the liind tibiae a middle pair of spurs in addition to the terminal pair. 

 Antennce widely separated at the base, with a thick club, the tip more or less' 

 distinctly pointed and recurved. Foreicings with the subcostal vein either four or 

 five branched. Hindioings with the inner edge plaited ; the fore and hindwings 

 in repose often resting in different planes. 



Egg. — Never noticeably higher than broad, and either hemispherical and smooth, 

 or domed, vertically ribbed and trellised. 



Caterpillar at Birth. — Head always broader and higher than the body, the 

 latter with ranged fungiform hairs, never, excepting on the seventh and eighth 

 abdominal segments, so long as the segments ; first thoracic segment with a distinct 

 corneous dorsal shield. 



Adult Caterpillar. — Cylindrical, but slightly flattened beneath and stoutest in 

 the middle, never spinous, generally minutely and coarsely pilose ; with a large head, 

 slender neck, and a transverse corneous shield on the upper surface of the first 

 thoracic segment. With rare exceptions (among tropical forms) living in conceal- 

 ment. 



Chrysalis. — Smooth and uniform, rarely with a mucronate head, always enclosed 

 in some sort of a cocoon composed generally of connected leaves lined very delicately 

 with silk. (Scudder.) 



FamUy I.— NYMPHALIDJE. 



Nympliales, Luinaeiis, Syst. Nat. (1758). 



Nymplue, Borkliausen, Eur. Schmett. (1788). 



Nymphalidm, Swainson, Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 187 ; Stephens, Brit. Ent. Haust. i. p.27 (1827) ; Djuble- 



day & Westwood, D. Lep. p. 144 (1852); Bates, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1861, p. 515, Joum. Ent. 1861, 



p. 220, id. 1864, p. 17G; Kirby, Catal. D. Lep. p. 1 (1871) ; Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 1 (1880) ; 



Distant, Ehop. Malay, p. 2 (1882); MarsliaU and De Niceville, Butt. India, &c. p. 21 (1882) ; 



Trimen, S. Afr. Butt. i. p. 50 (1887) ; Scudder, Butt. E. Unit. States, i. p. 109 (1888). 

 Nymphalidi, Boisduval, Ind. Me'tb. p. 14 (1829). 

 NympliaUens, Blanoliard, Hist. Nat. Ins. (1840). 

 Tetrapodes, Dalman. Tetrapi, Guenee. Tetrapoda, Bar. 

 Heteropodes, Hoffmann. Uliilopodiform or Scolopendriform Stirps, Horsfield. 

 Su&pend, Boisduval Spto. Gen. Lep. i. p. 164 (1836). 



Imago. — " Ordinarily of medium or large size. Head, rather large, apart from 

 the eyes, compact, of nearly equal dimensions. Tongue inserted opposite, or a little 

 below the middle of the lower half of the eyes. Eyes prominent. Anternuc inserted 

 near together, furnished with a straight or drooping club. Thorax rather large. 

 Forelegs atrophied, especially in the male ; but, in both sexes the claws and 

 other terminal appendages of the last tarsal joints, and both spines and spurs of 



