FAMILIES OF RIIOPALOCERA. 3 



witli tlio dorsal margin entire, upper organ of male genitalia with long, slender, 

 strongly curved, lateral appendages. 



Egg. — Tiarate or hemispberical, and more or less deeply reticulate. 



Caterpillar at Bikth, so far as known, furnished with numerous long, tapering 

 hairs, and with naked chitinous annuli, both ai'ranged in longitudinal series. 



Adult Caterpillar, so far as known, either onisciform, subonisciform, or 

 cylindrical ; the body furnished with scattered coarse and scant pile, among whicli 

 are some serially disposed bristles or fasciated hairs ; or in some forms with stout 

 fleshy processes longitudinally disposed. 



Chrysalis. — Usually short and stout, always bluntly rounded in frout, the body 

 rarely furnished with projections, and these invariably rounded. Median girth always 

 close to the body at all points, the ventral surface of the body lying in a nearly uni- 

 form plane. Cremaster not at all or but slightly protuberant, the hooks inferior or 

 apical. (Scudder.) 



Family IV.— PAPILIONID^. 



Imago.- — Of medium or large size. Forelegs of both sexes as perfect as the 

 other pairs, sometimes with an epiphysis or leaf-like appendage on inner side of the 

 tibiae. Antennce with a gradually elongated, or stout, club. Foreuiinrjs with the 

 discoidal cell closed by a strong vein. Einchcings with the median vein three or four 

 branched ; the inner margin sometimes plaited. Anal segment of male with the dorsal 

 margin notched or produced to a hook, upper organ of male genitalia with no 

 lateral processes. 



Egg. — Subglobular and smooth, or very much elevated and vertically ribbed 

 and trellised (exception in Parnassius, in which it is tiarate). 



Caterpillar at Birth. — So far as known, furnished with longitudinal series of 

 clubbed or forked hairs, or with prickly tubercles. 



Adult Caterpillar. — Cylindrical or enlarged anteriorly, covered with very short 

 pile (in some forms with long hairs), mostly arranged in transverse rows, or with 

 rather infrequent and irregularly distributed miscroscopic hairs, and often also with 

 series of fleshy tubercles or filaments, or glabrous scarcely elevated lenticles. 



Chrysalis. — Elongate, unimucronate or bimucronate in front, generally with 

 numerous angular projections, median girth often free from the body for a considerable 

 part of its course by the ventral extension of the wing-sheaths, the ventral surface 

 of the body being generally bent more or less strongly near the middle. Cremaster 

 strongly protuberant and free, tbe hooks apical. (Scudder.) 



Family V.— HESPERIID^. 

 Imago. — Of small or medium size, usually robust, with rather small wings. 

 Forelegs perfect ; tlie front tibia} almost invariably Lave a foliate epiphysis on the 



B 2 



