68 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



GROUP EUPLCEINA. 



Eiq^Iosina, Moore, Proc. Zool. See. Loud. 1883, p. 253. 



Imago. — Males, in addition to tlie abdomen being furnisbed witb odoriferous 

 extensible anal tufts of bairs, most genera possess, on tbe upperside of tbe forewing, 

 either one, or two, longitudinal lustreless patcbes of scent-producing scales or " an- 

 droconia," or witb sucb a patcb of scales absent or present on tbe forewing, and 

 also an enlarged patcb on tbe anterior border of tbe bindwing. No precostal cell in 

 bindwing. Claws witb paronycbia and pulvilli. 



Adult Caterpillak witb four pairs of subdorsal long slender flesby processes. 



HiSTOKiCAL Note. — Tbe group Euploeina bas been greatly increased by col- 

 lectors of late years, and now comprises a large number of species, tbe arrangement 

 of wbicb, under tbe old genus " Euploea," is still persistently adhered to by certain 

 entomologists. Hiibner, in 1816 (Verz. p. 16), was tbe first to study the then known 

 species of this group, dividing them iuto tbree genera — Trejmchrois, Grastia, and 

 Salpinx. Tbe next authors who took up tbe group, Doubleday and Hewitson, in 

 their great work, " Tbe Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera," published in 18-17, 

 enumerate thirty-seven species of this group under the one generic name of 

 "Euploea," arranging them in succession, mostly according to the presence of tbe 

 sexual mark on the wings of tbe male. In 1878, Mr. Butler published his Memoir 

 on "the Butterflies referred to the Genus Euploea" in the Journ. Linn. Soc. ZooL 

 xiv. pp. 290 — 303, in which the tben known species are arranged under seven 

 genera, tbe sexual mark in tbe male insect being taken — for the first time — as a 

 structural character for their separation. This character was taken as the basis for 

 tbe genera in my "Lepidoptera of Ceylon" in 1880, and was also adopted for 

 unnamed sections of the one genus — Euploea — by Mr. Distant, in his " Ehopalocera 

 Malayana," in 1882. Messrs. ]\Iarsball and De Niceville, in " Butterflies of India," 

 1882, divided tbe genus Euploea into seven groups, as defined by Mr. Butler, 

 using tbe names, however, only as designations for tbe various groups, and arranging 

 tbe whole of the species under Euploea. In the following year, 1883, my " Mono- 

 graph" of tbis group was pubhshed in the " Proceedings of the Zoological Society 

 of Loudon," in which the sexual mark was taken as tbe primary character for 

 separation of the species into various characteristically defined genera. These 

 genera, as therein described, are adopted in the present work. 



GeneeaI; Characteristics. — Tbe species of tbis group of butterflies are usually 

 of a dark brown or blackish colour, sometimes more or less olivescent, generally 

 with a velvety appearance, and some with purple-violet reflections or brilliantly 

 glossed with steel-blue, especially on the forewing; they are more or less spotted 

 witb white or violet, the bindwing in some streaked with white, the spots generally 



