126 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



uppers ide of the fore wings very perceptibly shot with blue, the marginal rows of 

 spots on both wings smaller, especially the submarginal series on the forewing, the 

 spot below the third median nervule in that series being obsolete." As this 

 description of the Sikkim insect does not well agree with our present species, 

 further verification is necessary before it is certain that P. Kollari extends its range 

 so far north. Mr. H. J, Elwes (Trans. Bnt. Soc. 1888, 301), following Mr. L. De 

 Nicdville's identification, also refers to this species as occurring, " but not commonly, 

 in the Sikkim Terai," and mentions having "a specimen ' helieved' to be from the 

 Tista Valley, agi^eeing with Calcutta specimens." This presumed ' Tista ' specimen, 

 which has been kindly lent to me for examination, is a male, and has been wrongly 

 identified by Mr. Elwes, for the specimen proves to be a male of the allied P. Crassa, 

 of which latter species the present known range of authentically named forms is 

 confined to Lower Burma, and Mr. Elwes's specimen may therefore be taken to 

 have been incorrectly labelled as to its locality. 



Habits op Imago. — Mr. L. De Niceville, who has observed this species in the 

 neighbourhood of Calcutta, says that it " occurs in company with C. Gore. Both 

 species having a very strong but not actually disagreeable odour, which neither my 

 friends nor I are able to compare with any named scent. The males of both species 

 may often be observed patrolling a small aerial space with the end of the abdomen 

 curled under the body towards the thorax, and with the two beautiful yellow anal 

 tufts of long hair distended to their fullest extent at right angles to the body. It 

 seems very probable that these tufts or brushes of hair are used like holy-water 

 sprinklers (aspergilli) for disseminating the scent with which their bodies are 

 charged as an attraction for the females or to warn off their enemies ; but it should 

 be observed that the females are similarly odoriferous, though they are unfurnished 

 with the male disseminating organs. On the wing I can generally distinguish the 

 males of P. Kollari from C. Core; it is impossible, however, to distinguish between 

 the opposite sexes of either of the two species when flying." 



PADEMMA SINHALA (Plate 47, fig. 3, 3a, cj $ ). 

 Euxilva Sinhala, Moore, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist, 1877, p. 45. 

 Jsamia Sinhala, Moore, Lepidoptera of Ceylon, i. p. 10, pi. 5, fig. 1, cj(1880). 

 Pademma Sinhala, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1883, p. 309. 



Imago. — Male. Upperside dark olive-brown, external margins paler. Fore- 

 wing with a submarginal row of small ochreous-white spots, and a marginal row of 

 minute spots. Sexual mark broad, oval, clothed with widely-separated narrow 

 bidentate and tridentate-tipt scales. Hindwing with a broad flesh-coloured upper 

 discoidal patch; costal border broadly glossy-cinereous; a submarginal series of 

 oval ochreous-white spots, and a marginal row of small X'ound spots. Underside 



