SATYRIN.E. 143 



Hesperia. lu some species it is covered with calcareous (?) accretiuiis whicli do not 

 appear till after some days' exposure to the atmosphere." 



Caterpillar at Birth. — " Abdomen tapering very slightly and regularly from in 

 front backward, the last segment often showing little or no sign of its subsequent 

 bifurcation ; body furnished above, on either side, either with two rows, or -with a 

 double row of clubbed appendages, one placed anteriorly and one posteriorly on each 

 segment ; the sides with another row, formed of a single appendage, placed 

 centrally above the spiracles of each segment, and, beneath another double row, its 

 members not quite in a line — all seated on pajDillfe." 



Adult Caterpillar. — " Head well rounded, smaller than the largest part of the 

 abdomen, although not always of a less size than the first thoracic segment, with 

 no protuberances, excepting on the summit, which sometimes bears on either side a 

 long, straight, conical horn. Body nearly or quite cylindrical, largest at or in 

 advance of the middle, tapering more or less toward each end, the terminal segment 

 longitudinally forked, each fork extending backward as a conical projection, often of 

 considerable length. Surface of the body profusely studded with papillae, each 

 giving rise to a very short hair; ornamented with longitudinal coloured bands, 

 some of which are frequently composed of oblique dashes, one to a segment ; 

 the segments are cut by transverse incisions, usually into six sections, the front 

 one the largest, the last incision frequently obscure ; legs and prolegs short 

 but not very stout. 



Chrysalis. — " Head scarcely at all or but little produced in front; the anterior 

 curve of the thorax very high ; ocellar prominences often not at all pronounced ; 

 abdomen broadly rounded, not deeply separated from the thorax, the lower surface of 

 the body nearly straight, slightly and broadly curved ; the whole body well rounded, 

 with a few or no tubercles excepting the slight projections at base of the wings ; 

 edges of the wings very slightly raised above the level of the body and not at all 

 thickened at the border, but generally carinate from the wing tubercle backward." 

 (Scudder, 1. c. p. 115.) 



General Chakaoteristics and Habits. — " Among the Nymphalidje, the butterflies 

 of this subfamily present a very distinctive appearance. Their sombre hues, almost 

 always inclining to dark brown ; their markings, mostly confined to round ocellated 

 spots upon the underside and to some extent upon the upperside, near and parallel 

 to the outer margin — oftenest occurring in the lower subcostal and lower median 

 interspaces ; together with the delicate texture of the membrane of the wings, the 

 suppleness of the veins, which are usually inflated at the base (a character, however, 

 not found in some genera and shared by some genera in neighbouring subfamilies) ; 

 and the excessive atrophy of the forelegs in the males — all combine to separate these 

 insects from those of any other large group. There is no doubt that in many cases 



