146 LEPIDOFTERA INDICA. 



along close to the ground, beneath the shrubs and in the shelter of the fence, as if 

 shade were more congenial than sunshine. Perhaps as there is a correspondence and 

 a harmony in all the divine works, there may be a reference to these retiring habits 

 in the dull tints common to the tribe and the want of those glowing colours so general 

 among butterflies ' (Gosse, Alab. 55, 56). Dr. Thwaites also (Moore, Lep. Ceylon, 

 i. p. 13), speaking of the subtropical Satyringe, says that ' their movements are more 

 lively in the early morning and evening during their amatory gambols,' and Mr. 

 de Niceville remarks (Butt, of India, i. p. lO^) that the hundred or more species of 

 Mycalesis ' seldom take flight unless disturbed, except toward evening.' 



" In certain features the Satyringe show some curious resemblance to the 

 Hesperidse. The eggs of the ribbed species closely resemble those of the Hesperidi 

 in general appearance ; the caterpillar at birth has a similarly large and striking 

 head, and occasionally the terminal segments of the body are armed with much 

 longer cuticular appendages than elsewhere, a common feature among the Pam- 

 philidi ; the mature caterpillar is sluggish in motion, with a somewhat flattened 

 belly and short prolegs, giving a limaciform body, which is clothed with pile only ; 

 the chrysalis is unusually rounded and occasionally is not suspended, and the imago 

 often has an oblique patch of raised hairs or scales on the upper surface of the 

 forewings concealing the androconia, which remind one strongly of the similar 

 stigma one often finds in the Pamphilidi. That these peculiarities have some 

 phyletic meaning it is impossible to doubt, but they should not be allowed to 

 overshadow or in any way to conceal the great body of characteristics by which this 

 group forms a part of the great and varied family NymphaUdae. 



" Allusion has just been made to the androconia or male scales occurring 

 sometimes in this subfamily ; with the exception of the Euploeinae and the 

 Argynnidi this is the only group of Nymphalidge in which they are frequently 

 present ; and so far as known they possess here the uniform character of exceed- 

 ingly attenuated scales with a tasselled tip. They by no means occur in all genera, 

 and sometimes show no external sign of their presence ; they are generally found 

 upon the upper surface of the front wings, and often in the form of an oblique 

 stigma. In some Asiatic species, according to Dr. Thwaites (Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, 

 i. p. 13) they are found as ' a pair of curious pencils of hair which each lie within a 

 fold of the upper wing, and which are capable of being spread out radiately during 

 the insect's flight.' I am not aware that any odour has been detected in any of 

 them; I have been able to detect none in our two [N. American] species of CEneis. 

 A.bout half our [N. American] species possess no androconia." (Scudder, 1. c. 

 p. 115.) 



" The Satyrin^ are connected on the one hand with Buploea through Zethera 

 [Euploeamima], a very aberrant form; and on the other hand with Eljnnnia 



