394 C. Ingram. — The Black-Throated and Black-Eared Chats. 



The geographical variations in plumage correspond in both birds, but as 

 the Black-Throated group extends further eastward, in their case the 

 extrêmes are more pronounced. In our opinion, if the two forms are to be 

 kept distinct, the follow ng names should be used for thèse Chats and their 

 several geographical races. For the sake of clearness, wc give below the more 

 important synonymy. 



A. I. 



BLACK-EARED CHAT 



(Traquet oreillard) 



Sax^cola stapaz'na stapazna (Linn). 



Motarilla flapaz'ua Linn. Svst. Nat. i. p. 331 (1766). 



Œnanthe. Vieill. Nouv. Diot. XXI. p. 424 (1818). 



Saxicola stapazina. Dress. B. of. Eur. ii, p. 203. pi. XXIII (1874). 

 Whitaker, B. of Tun. p. 24 (1905). 



Saxicola albicoîlis. Dress. Man. Pal. B. p. 37 (1902. 



Sharpe. lland-list IV. p. 176 (1903). 



Saxicola hispanica xanthomelaena. Hart. Vog. pal. Fauna. 



Habitat : S. E. Europe, including southern Italy, Bulgaria, Monténégro, 

 Greece, and S. Russia, Asia Minor ; Palestine. 



The Adult maie has an elongated black patch on either side of the. 

 head united by a narrow black line running over the base of the bUl. Wings 

 nearly black ; tail black and white. Rest of plumage (including throat) 

 vvhite, washed with ru fous isabelline on the crown, back and breast (Thèse 

 parts become whiter by abrasion as the season advances). VVing-lining 

 black. Total length about 5.5 inchcs (140 mm.), wing 3,6 inclies (91 mm.). 

 (Note : This and the following descriptions refer to freshly moulted maies. 

 The females, often hardly distinguishable, hâve not been described). 



A. IL 



WESTERN BLACK-EARED CHAT 



(Traquet oreillard occidental) 



Saxicola stapazina auri la. Temm. 



Saxicola anrita. Temm. Man. d'Orn., I, p. 241 Deg. et Gerbe. I, p. 455 

 (1820). 



Saxicola caterinae. Whitaker, Ibis. (1898). 



S. hispanica hispanica. Hartert. Vôg. pal. Fauna. 



Habitat : S. W. Europe, from Italy to Portugal. N. W. Africa, from Tri- 

 poli to Morocco. 



Adult maie : Similar to S. s. stapaz'na but lacks the narrow black frontal 

 line over the base of the bill. Scapulars only partially black. Wing-lining 

 ivhitish, sometimes almost white, instead of being black. Light portions of 

 the plumage usually more heavily washed with briglit rusty-buff. 



B. I. 



FAR EASTERN BLACK-THROv^J ED CHAT 



(Traquet à gorge noir oriental) 



Saxicola hispanica nielaniileiica. (Guld). 



Muscicapa melanoleiica, Guldenstadt, Nov Comm. Petrop XIX, p. 468 



(1775). 



