ORDER GALUNiE. 183 



is the gizzard ; the second is observed a little lower in the 

 dilatation of the oesophagus ; and the third is the muscular 

 pouch which we have just alluded to. This last stomach, 

 according to Bechstein, is composed of four principal muscles, 

 which produce the most active mechanism on this viscus. 

 The intestinal canal measures more than five times the length 

 of the bird. Th^ two coeca are six inches long, and take 

 their origin at the spot where the colon is united to the 

 ilium. The testes of the male are of greater volume, in pro- 

 portion to the body, than in any other bird. The trachea is 

 widened a little, funnel-wise, towards the upper larynx ; it 

 narrows sensibly towards the lower larynx, which is very 

 much compressed. The lateral parts of this last are fur- 

 nished with a single membranous piece, which is not sup- 

 ported by cartilaginous rings ; the cartilage, which traverses 

 the larynx internally, instead of being soldered, as in the 

 turkey, in the middle of the last demi-ring, is suspended to 

 two triangular pieces, attached under the anterior and pos- 

 terior parts of this ring. The bronchise have not entire rings, 

 and their internal part is furnished with a membrane. The 

 entire trachea appears capable of being elongated or shor- 

 tened in a very sensible degree, and the lower larynx equally 

 capable of being compressed and dilated according to the 

 sounds which the animal wishes to produce. It is probable, 

 that the very shrill tone of the cock is produced by this com- 

 pression of the lower larynx. In the interior of the top of 

 the trachea, immediately at the aperture of the glottis, there 

 is a very slight protuberance, but no socle, or osseous triangle, 

 as in the pauxis, the hoccos, and penelope. 



Though the bringing up and keeping of cocks and hens 

 do not require very assiduous care, yet it is quite certain 

 that if a proper economy be not observed in the education 

 and feeding of these birds, the expense attending upon them 

 will considerably exceed the profit. It is to farmers only, and 



