46 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



Pupa. — Stout ; dorsum arched, abdominal segments mostly with dorsal and 

 lateral conical points ; thorax obtusely or angularly conical posteriorly ; head-piece 

 more or less bifid. 



Seasonal Dimorphism. — We have separated and described the wet-season and 

 (h-j/-seaso)i forms occurring in the genera Cyrestis, Apsithra, Junonia, Polygonia 

 (Grapta), Araschnia, Symbrenthia, Apatura (Hypolimnas), and Kallima. 



MiMiCKT. — In the genus Apatura (Hypolimnas) the two well-known species 

 Bolina and Misippus furnish the most striking examples of mimicry to be found 

 among butterflies. Colonel C. Swinhoe, in his paper on " Mimicry in butterflies of 

 the genus Hypolimnas" (Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1895, p. 340), writes : " In Bolina, 

 Linn., as we find it in Asia, the female only is mimetic, the males in all localities 

 being of the normal form. In India the female universally mimics the common 

 jjrotected butterfly, Euploea Core, of Cramer. The typical Core does not range very 

 far South, one or two have been taken in Mergui, but there is no record of its more 

 Southern extension, its place being taken by other common black Eupla>,as of some- 

 what similar pattern. We find accordingly, that Bolina varies so as to resemble all 

 the common Ewplceas of the different islands of the Malay Archipelago. The female 

 of Misippus, with the exception as a very rare variety, which resembles the male 

 in appeai'ance, always mimics the commonest of all the Danainse, i.e. Danais 

 Glirysippus, which is common all over India, Burma, Ceylon, the Malay Archipelago, 

 Madagascar, Aden, and the West, South, and South-East Coasts of Africa ; in all 

 these localities Misipypus also exists, the female being of the Danais colour and 

 pattern, and where D. Chrysippus does not exist, Misippus is not to be found. In 

 Afi'ica and Aden there are several forms of Danais Ghrysippms — some without the 

 white-banded black apical patch to the forewings {D. Dorippus, Klug) ; some 

 possessing this marking, but characterized by white hindwings (D. Alcippus, 

 Cramer) ; and also others with the Dorippus pattern aud white hindwings. All 

 these forms are mimicked in their several localities by the females of Misippus. In 

 India, the form of female Misippxis which mimics Danais Dorippris (without the black 

 and white apical patch) is also found." The form of female Misippus which mimics 

 Danais Alcippus (Alcippoides, Moore) is also occasionally found in India. 



Genus CYRESTIS. 



Ci/resh's, Boisdaval, Voy. Astrolabe, p. 117 (1832); id. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1833, p. 190. West- 

 wood, Gen. D. Lep. ii. p. 260 (1850). Distant, Khop. Malay, p. 139 (1883). de Niceville, 

 Butt, of India, etc., ii. p. 248 (1886). Staudinger and Schiitz, E.xot. Schmett. ii. p. 155 (1888). 



Cyrestis (sect. 1), Felder, Neues Lep. p. 24 (1861). 



Imago. — Wings short. Foreicing rather broad, triangular; costa slightly 

 arched, apex obtusely pointed, exterior margin slightly oblique and sinuous, ex- 



