NYMPHALIN.E. (Group l^-TMPHAZIXA.) 69 



Distribution. — " This is a very common species, seldom if ever occun-ing h\ 

 the Himalayas, or in the very dry portions of India, but abundant in the plains 

 throughout the area of heavy rainfall. Colonel Swinhoe does not record it from 

 Bombay and the Deccan " (de Niceville, Butt. Ind. ii. 69). "We possess specimens 

 from Nepal ; Sikkim ; Bhotan ; Chittagong, taken in November ; Yaw, Burma, taken 

 in October ; Mandalay ; Bharao, taken in November by Signor L. Fea ; Tavoy ; 

 Tenasserim ; Ceylon ; Camorta, Nicobars ; Malacca ; Sumatra ; Nias ; Java ; Sarawak, 

 Borneo; Hainan. Mr. W. Doherty records it as "scarce at Ranibagh and in the 

 Tarai, Kumaon, from 1000 up to 2000 feet elevation " (J. A. S. Beng, 1886, 123). 

 " It occurs rarely in Sikkim in the hottest valleys, but is common in the Terai at 

 all seasons " (H. J. Elwes, Tr. Eat. Hoc. 1888, 342). 



" In the Central Provinces this butterfly is always found in and about marshy 

 spots, on the borders of streams and damp places generally. The flight is distinctly 

 slower than any of its relatives, so that there is no difficulty in capturing it " (J. A. 

 Beetham, J. Bombay N, H. S. 1890, 279). " It is fairly common on the Kanara 

 coast about rice-fields, chiefly at the end of the rains. It occurs also above the 

 Ghauts. The larva is coloured more distinctively than the others, being dull smoky 

 black with a well-defined orange-brown stripe above the legs. The pupa is of a 

 uniform slaty colour" (J. Davidson and B. H. Aitken, J. Bombay N. H. S. 1896, 

 249). Colonel C. H. E. Adamson records it as " very common in Lower Burma, 

 but comparatively scarce in the dry parts of Upper Burma " (List, 1897, 19). Dr. J. 

 Anderson found it " very common in Mergui, Tenasserim, in December, January, 

 February, and March " (J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, 35). Mr. H. Druce records it 

 from " Chentaboon and Nakoncliaisee, Siam " (P. Z. S. 1874, 105). Mr. J. J. 

 Walker states having " seen one or two specimens in local collections in Houo- Kono-, 

 said to have been taken there, but did not meet with it himself" (Tr. Eut. Soc. 

 1895, 458). 



JUNONIA ORITHYA (Plate 311, fig. 1, la, b, c, d, e, c? ? ; larva and pnpa). 



Papilio Orithya, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 47.3 (1758); id. eJ. xii. p. 770 (1767). Cramer, Pap. 



Exot. i. pi. 19, fig. C, D, ? , pi. 32, fig. E, F, S (1775) ; id. iv. pi. 290, fig. A, B, ^ (1780). 



Herbst, Nat. Scbmett. pi. 177, fig. 5, &, 1, S ? (1794). Donovan, Ins. China, p. G-l, pi. 35, 



fig. 2, $ (1842). 

 Vanessa Orithya, Lucas, Lep. Exot. p. 113, p. 60, fig. 1 (1845). 

 Junonia Orithya, Hiibner, Verz. p. 34 (1816). Butler, Catal. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 73 (18G9). Moore, 



Lep. Cejlon, i. p. 41, pi. 22, fig. 1, la, b, (J ? , larva and pupa (1881). 

 Junonia Orithyia, Doubleday and Hewits. Gen. D. Lep. i. p. 209 (1849). Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. 



E. L C. i. p. 141, pi. 5, fig. 5, 5a (1857). Forsayetb, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 382. Butler, 



Ann. Xat. Hist. 1885, p. 308. de Niceville, Butt. India, etc., ii. p. 73 (1886). 



