72 LEPIDOPTERA IN DIG A. 



desmbes tlie larva, as reared by h.im in Mhow, in August (Tr, Ent. Soc. 1884, 382). 

 " This butterfly is of similar habits to J. Hierta and J. Lemonias. They all love the 

 hot sunshine, and this and J. Hierta are to be found in the Central Province in the 

 most open and exposed situations ; open grass plains being about the most favourite 

 spots" (J. A. Beetham, J. Bombay N. H. S. 1890, 279). "This is par excellence 

 the Junonia of the Deccan, delighting in dry hills and stony plains. On the bare 

 plateau of Lanowlia I have found it very abundant in company with /. Hierta, in 

 February, revelling in the wealth of minute wild flowers which clothe the ground in 

 that favoured spot " (E. H. Aitken, J. Bombay N. H. S. 1886, 131). " This species 

 likes stony plains and bare hills, and is consequently compai^atively rare in Kanara, 

 and altogether wanting during the monsoon. It rests always on the ground " (J. 

 Davidson and E. H. Aitken, id. 1896, 249). " Very common on the Eastern Coast, 

 and found everywhere. Larva easily observed, as it feeds on the low and slightly 

 aromatic shrubs which grow by the wayside in the Karnatic " (S. N. Ward, MS. 

 Notes). In Ceylon, Mr. F. M. Mackwood records it as " occurring everywhere, but 

 plentiful only from 2000 to 4000 feet elevation ; a favourite resort being the Patenas, 

 and particularly on the pathways or bare places in them." Captain Hutchison 

 says it is " found at all times in the "Western and Central Provinces, both in the 

 plains and up to 3000 feet, in cultivated and open waste-ground. Flight rather 

 quick ; settles on the ground and seems partial to hot dusty and sandy spots. Dr. 

 Thwaites found the larva feeding on Acanfhads " (Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 42). 



" A common insect in Sikkim at elevations up to 9000 or 10,000 feet, but most 

 abundant in cultivated ground and sunny clearings. It settles on the ground with 

 open wings, and has a rapid strong flight. Occurs at all seasons " (H. J. Blwes, Tr. 

 Ent. Soc. 1888, 342). " Common throughout Burma, alike in the hot plains, in the 

 marshes in the South, and the hills in the North and "West " (Colonel C. H. E. 

 Adamson, List, 1897, 19). 



JUNONIA HIERTA (Plate 312, fig. 1, Jarva and^wpa, fig. la, \ c, d, e, c? ? )• 



Papilio Hierta, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 424 (1798). 



Junonia Hierta, Kirby, Syn. Catal. D. Lep. p. 648 (1871). Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 505 ; 



id. 1885, p. 128. de Niccville, Butt, of India, etc., ii. p. 71, pi. 20, fig. 94, c? ? (1886). 

 Papilio Oenone, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 35, fig. A, B, C, (J ? (1775). Herbst, Nat. Schmett. vii. 



p. 163, pi. 178, fig. 1-4 (1794). Donovan, Ins. China, p. 66, pi. 36, fig. 1, c? (1798), nee Linn. 

 Junonia Oenone, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 34 (1816). Butler, Catal. Fabr. Lep. B. M. p. 72 



(1869). Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 42, pi. 22, fig. 3, 3a, $ 9 (1881). Forsayeth, Trans. Ent. Soc. 



1884). p. 383. 



iMAac— Male. Upperside dark fuliginous-black ; cilia brown, alternated with 



