74 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



Habitat. — India ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Tenasserim ; Andaman and Nicobar 

 Isles, etc. 



Distribution, Habits, etc. — "This species lias a very wide range, occurring at 

 Karachi, thence throughout India, Ceylon and the Andamans to Burma, and again 

 in China. Ife delights in the sun, and to disport itself in the hottest and driest 

 situations. In India it presents some considerable variation according to the 

 humidity or dryness of the atmospheric conditions under which it exists, but these 

 variations cannot be maintained as distinct species. Some male specimens from 

 Kulu and Simla in the Western Himalayas, Sikkim, Calcutta, Orissa, the Wynaad, 

 and Ceylon, show no costal indentation of the yellow patch on the upperside of the 

 forewing, others from Karachi, Kulu, Simla, Calcutta, Shillong, Upper Tenasserim, 

 and the Andamans have a distinct black tooth, which is most prominent in a 

 specimen from Buxa, Bhotan ; in all of these the black inner margin of the forewing 

 on the upperside gives off a projection into the first median interspace, while in 

 examples from Karachi, Simla, Buxa, Calcutta, Shillong, Sibsagar, Rangoon and 

 Upper Burma this projection assumes the form of a more or less separate and 

 distinct spot. The width of the marginal black band on the upperside of the 

 forewing is also variable ; and, lastly, specimens from Bhotan and Upper Assam are 

 very large and heavily marked, owing probably to the greater rainfall of those 

 regions" (de Xiceville, Butt. Ind. \\.7'^). "This butterfly affects paths, rocky, 

 bare hill-sides, the beds of streams where they widen out into stony expanses of 

 sand and boulders, and similar places devoid of vegetation. They are hard to catch, 

 flying off on one's approach and settling on a stone or rock a few yards ahead, and 

 on again coming near, the same performance is repeated. It was common at Kalka, 

 Umballa District, in October, 1877, and I took it in the Botanical Gardens and 

 nowhere else in Calcutta, in December, 1878 " (de Niceville, Indian Agriculturist, 

 January, 1880). " Col. J. W. Yerbury took a single specimen at Kali Pani, N.W. 

 Punjab, in September, and another at Khairabad in November, also a few between 

 Kali Pani and Abbottabad in September" (Ann. N. H. 1888, 142). "Found in 

 Kumaon generally, up to 7000 feet elevation" (W. Doherty, J. A. S. Bengal, 1886, 

 123), " Occurs somewhat rarely, at low elevations in Sikkim, west of the Tista 

 River, but is common at 1500 feet elevation to the East" (de Niceville, Sikk. Gaz. 

 1894, 136). "This butterfly and J. Orithya may be seen, in the Central Provinces, 

 resting in the middle of the most exposed parts of roads and paths, and rising in 

 front of one, it skims swiftly along and settles again on the road, perhaps after a 

 battle in the air with one of its own kind or J. Lemonias, Asferie, or Orithya, all of 

 which have the same habits and love the full hot sunshine" (J. A. Bethune, J. 

 Bombay N. H. S, 1890, 279). " Commonly found in ditches all the year round in 

 Bombay and the Deccan " (Col. C. Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1885, 128). " This is not 



