NYMPHALINJS. (Group yTMFHALi:CA.) 89 



Habitat. — Throughout W. and E. Himalayas. 



Distribution. — " This butterfly abounds along the whole range of the Himalayas, 

 and is as common in those mountains, as its ally A. Urttcse is in Europe" (Capt. A. 

 M. Lang, Ent. Mo. Mag. 18G8, 34). We possess examples from Kaschmir, Simla, 

 Ivasauli, Masuri, and from Thundiani. Capt. H. B. Hellard took it in " Simla, 

 Masuri, Pangi in Busahir, and in Kaschmir, in July, August, and September " (MS. 

 Notes). Col. J. "W. Yerbury found it " rare in Murree in August, but very common 

 on the top of Thundiani at end of September. Also taken at Mir Jani above 

 Kalabagh, about 9000 feet elevation, in September " (P. Z. S. 1886, 361). Mr. P. W. 

 Mackinnon observed it as " very common in Masuri and all over the Hills to the 

 North, from May to October. The larva found feeding on various species of 

 Urticaceae " (J. Bombay N. H. S. 1898, 375). Mr. L. de Niceville says " this butterfly 

 may be met with, in the W. Himalayas, on fine days from January to December. It. 

 has several broods, and feeds on the common stinging nettle " (Indian Agriculturist, 

 1880). Mr. W. Doherty took it " in Kumaon, from the Kali Valley, 2500 feet, to 

 the summit of the Lepu Lek, over 18,000 feet elevation — far above the snow line. I 

 also found it abundantly iu Nepalese Tibet and in the dry valleys of Hundes, Chinese 

 Tibet. The prehensores, as drawn by me, are different from those of TJrticae as figured 

 by Dr. B. White" (J. A. S. Beng. 1886, 123). It " occurs in Sikkim from 2000 to 

 3000 up to 12,000 feet and upwards ; commoner at low elevations in winter" (H. J. 

 Elwes, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 362). Mr. de Niceville says it "occurs in Sikkim from 

 2000 to 12,000 feet, and at low elevations flies in every month of the year; the larva 

 feeds on different species of Nettle " (Sikkim Gazetteer, 1894, 145). 



In Mr. J. H. Leech's collection are specimens from Kulu ; Kujiar, 6000 feet, 

 taken by Capt. McArthur ; Gurais Valley, 7000, Kaschmir, taken in September ; 

 Dugi Pass, 12,000 feet, Karakorum, taken by Capt. Thompson; and from the Kuti 

 Pass, 17,000, near Karakorum, in September, by Capt. McArthvir, 



AGLAIS RIZANA (Plate 317, fig. 1, la, c? ? ). 



Vanessa Rizana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 559. de Nict'villo, Butt, of India, etc., ii. 



p. 234 (1886). 

 Nyrrn-ihalis Rizana, Kirby, Catal. D. Lep. Suppl. p. 733 (1877). 



Male and female. Upperside. Differs from A. Kashmirensis in being a smaller 

 insect, having the forewingless produced at the apex; markings and colours disposed 

 as in that species, but more sharply defined, and the colours much brighter. Fore' 

 xoing with the red colour near the base descending to near the submedian vein ; the 

 posterior black spot being quadrate, well-defined, and broadly bordered outward 

 with clear yellow, this colour also bordering the two upper discal spots, but palest in 



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