NYMPH ALINM. (Gtoux> NrMPSAzmi.) 97 



dark brown basal oblique cell-streak and a zigzag bar across middle of the cell, the 

 latter with its upper end outwardly white bordered ; outer edge of the discal 

 angulated line also white bordered ; the apical spot beyond also white. Hindw'uig 

 with a small prominent pure white widely-spread V-shaped mark at lower end of the 

 cell. Body above olivescent-brown, beneath brown ; palpi above black, sides and 

 beneath edged with ochreous-white ; legs blackish above, ochreous- white beneath; 

 antennae black above, beneath and tip ochreous. 



Expanse, c? 2^^ to 2^q, ? 2-^q inches. 



Habitat. — Kashmir ; Chitral ; N. Asia ; C. Russia ; E. Europe. 



Distribution. — " Dr. T. C. Jerdon took two fine specimens at Gulmurg, 

 9000 feet elevation, in Kashmir. It has also been taken at Sonamurg, Kashmir" 

 (de Niceville, U. 236). 



Our illustration on Plate 317, fig. 3, 3a, is from a Kashmir male in our own 

 collection. 



POLYGONIA CALBUM. 



Papilio C-alhum, Linnseus, S3-st. Nat. x. ed. p. 447 (1758). Esper, Schmett. i. pi. 13, fig. 3 (1777) ; 



id. pi. 59, fig. 3 (1780). Hdbner, Eur. Schmett. i. fig. 92, 93 (1794). 

 Vanessa C-album, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 302 (1819). Herr. Schaffer, Eur, Sclimett. i. fig. 159, 



160 (1844). de Niceville, Butt, of India, ii. p. 237 (1886). 

 Nymiihalis C-album, Kirby, Catal. D. Lep. Suppl. p. 733 (1877). 



Wet-season form (Plate 318, fig. 2, 2a, b, c, c? 9 )• 

 Imago. — Male. Upperside deep bright fulvous-red ; cilia black, alternately 

 edged with fulvous-grey. Forewhig with two deep black rounded spots obliquely 

 across middle of the cell, a large quadrate discocellular streak extending from the 

 costa to upper median, three discal oblique quadrate spots, and a subapical black 

 patch decreasing from the costa to near upper median ; outer margin black and 

 linearly speckled outwardly with fulvous-grey scales, and bordered inwardly by a 

 series of yellow dentate spots. Hindwing with the costal base broadly black, and 

 the outer margin vei'y broadly fulvescent-black, the latter traversed by a row of five 

 distinct yellow small dentate spots ; abdominal border greyish-brown ; a black 

 quadrate spot at end of the cell, a larger spot above it between the subcostals, and 

 a much smaller spot between the upper and middle medians. Underside with the 

 basal area and outer marginal border gi-eyish sepia-brown ; the discal area dark 

 grey, divided from the dark base by a sharply-defined broken irregular black line ; 

 outer areas and base of hindwing numerously covered with fine black strigte ; discal 

 area traversed by a very indistinct row of blackish dots. Furewing also with an 

 oblique black loop-mark from lower base of cell, some black strigce from the costa, 

 and a black lunular streak between the angles of the outer margin. Hindiciiig also 

 with a prominent white comma-shaped mark at end of the cell. 



VOL. IV. 



