KYMPSALINJE. (Group yrZIPHALIXA.) . 105 



1885, 128). Col. C. H. E. Adamson says it is "rarely taken in tlie Arakan Hills 

 and at Bbamo " (List, 1897, 25). Dr. N. Manders took "one specimen at 

 Bernardmyo, Shan States, Burma " (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1890, 524). In Ceylon, Mr. 

 E. M. Mackwood says it is " rarely seen under 4000 feet elevation. Settles on 

 pathways or open ground. Very swift of flight. LarvjB feeds on NeMe {Urtica 

 neilgherriensis)." Capt. Hutchison " found it at all times in forest land, from 3000 

 to 6000 feet. Commonest at the highest elevation" (Lep. Ceylon, i. 50). 



VANESSA CARDUI (Plate 320, fig. 2, 2a, b, S ? )• 



Papilio Cardui, Linnseus, Syst. Nat. x. ed. p. 475 (1758) ; wZ.lxii. ed. i. 2, p. 774 (17G7). Esper, Schmett. 



i. pt. 1, pi. 10, fig. 3 (1777). Hiibiier, Eur. Schmett. i. fig. 73, 74 (1793). 

 Vanessa Cardui, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 33 (1816). 

 Pyrameis Cardui, Moore, Catal. Lep. Miis. E. I. C. i. p. 138, pi. 5, fig. 3, 3a, larva and pupa (1857) . 



Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 50, pi. 27, fig. 1, la (18S1). de Xiccville, Batt. of India, etc., ii. p. 227 



(1886). Staudinger et Schiitz, Exot. Schmett. ii. p. 125 (1887). Leech, Butt, of China, etc., i. 



p. 251 (1893). 

 Cynthia Cardui, Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. i. p. 47 (1827). Horsfield, Desc. Catal. Lep. E. I. C. 



pi. 7 (1829). VVestwood, Gen. Syn. p. 87 (1840). Crotch, Cist. Ent. i. p. 66 (1872). 

 Neopyrameis Cardui, Scudder, Butt. E. U. S. i. p. 434 (1889). 

 Papilio Carduelis, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 26, fig. E, F (1775). 



Imago. — Male and female. Upperside. Ground-colour reddish-ochreous, basal 

 areas olivescent-ochreous-brown ; cilia black, alternated with white, Foretving with 

 an outwardly-oblique black irregular-shaped broken band crossing from middle of 

 the cell to the disc above the submedian vein ; the apical area from end of cell and 

 the exterior border also black ; before the apex is a short white outwardly-oblique 

 streak and a curved row of four round spots, the second and third being small ; a 

 marginal pale lunular line with its upper portion most defined and whitish. Hind- 

 wing with a blackish patch from the costal vein across end of cell, a partly confluent 

 recurved discal band, a submarginal row of lunules, and then a marginal row of 

 somewhat scutiform spots ; between the discal band and submarginal lunules is a 

 row of five round black spots, which in some examples show a pale and dark outer 

 ring. Underside. Foretving brighter reddish-ochreous, the apical area and outer 

 margin much paler, the apex being olivescent ochreous-brown ; discal irregular 

 band as above, subapical white streak, row of spots and mai'ginal lunules distinct ; 

 base of wing and interspace before end of cell white. Hindwing transversely- 

 marbled with olivescent ochreous-brown and speckled with black scales ; crossed by 

 basal and discal sinuous whitish or pale fasciiB and intersected by white veins ; an 

 outer-discal row of five ocelli, the upper one smallest and usually imperfect, the 



VOL. IV. P 



