106 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



second and fiftli the largest, tlie fourth with black centre speckled with blue and ringed 

 with yellow, and the second and fifth also with an outer black ring ; submarginal 

 lunules pnrpurescent-grej, bordered by a whitish fascia ; outer margin ochreous. Body 

 olivescent ochreous-brown, abdomen with ochreous bands ; palpi blackish above, 

 white beneath ; body beneath and legs greyish-white ; antennfe black above, tip and 

 beneath reddish. 



Expanse, 2i^ to 2j^ inches. 



Larva. — "After first moult; three-quarters of an inch long; ground-colour 

 olive-brown, variegated with brown ; dorsal line double, interrupted and white ; 

 lateral line faint, interrupted and red-brown ; sides pale slate colour, and very 

 spiny ; abdomen pale slate colour, ventral line darker ; prolegs slate colour ; thoracic 

 legs black and shiny ; anal pair slate colour ; head black and spiny ; stigmata white, 

 bordered with black ; armed with five rows of slate coloured branched-spines, one 

 dorsal and two lateral. After last moult; length one inch. Cylindrical and spiny, 

 ground-colour and markings as after first moult." 



Pupa. — " Golden olive-green, with a lilac iridescence ; a dorsal row of pro- 

 tuberant gold spots, and on either side one of same, and also broad longitudinal bands 

 of gold colour on the sides." (Chaumette, Lucknow, MS. Notes.) 



Habitat. — Throughout India ; Burma; Ceylon; Andaman and Nicobar Isles; 

 Malay Peninsula, etc. 



Distribution, Habits, etc. Within our Area. — " In India this butterfly occurs 

 almost everywhere. It is decidedly rare in Calcutta, but as far as I am aware it 

 occurs plentifully iu every other part of India and in the Hills up to a considerable 

 elevation. It has been found in both the Andaman and Nicobar groups of Islands" 

 (L. de Niceville, Butt. India, ii. 228). " This is one of the first insects you will meet 

 with in the spring, in the W. Himalayas, and the last you will see in the autumn. 

 It is an early riser, and one of the last to go to rest. I have actually watched them 

 follow the setting sun as its beams gradually ascended the hillsides, caused by the 

 sun setting behind an opposite range of hills. I have taken specimens in the plains 

 as far east as Dinapore, but [up to the present date] I have never seen any in 

 Calcutta. It also occurs commonly in Kashmir, and I have taken it high up in 

 Ladak " {id. Indian Agric. January, 1880). Capt. A. M. Lang found it " everywhere 

 common in the AYestern Himalayas at all seasons, and throughout the winter months 

 in the plains " (MS. Notes). The Rev. J. H. Hocking found the " larva on Nettle ; 

 May and August, in Kulu, at 6200 feet elevation " (P. Z. S. 1882, 240). " Very 

 common almost throughout the year in Masuri and the Dun. Larva feeds on thistles 

 and on Debregeasia bicolor, N. 0. Urticacea3 " (P. W. Mackinnon, J. Bombay N. H. 

 Soc. 1898, 375). Mr. L. de Niceville records that it was " found near Jarti Gumbaz, 

 Pamir" (Rept. on Pamir Boundary Comm, 1898, p. 15). Coh C. Swinhoe obtained 



