NYMPHALIN^, (Grcup KYUFkitiNA.) 10? 



" a few at Kandahar in October and November in 1880. It was very plentiful in 

 March and April following. The gardens about Kandahar were alive with regular 

 swarms of this butterfly in the last month, but I did not observe it at Qaetta or 

 anywhere else on our lines of communication between Sibi and Kandahar " (Tr. Ent. 

 Soc. 1885, 339). At Karachi it was plentiful in several months of the year. I took 

 it in January, February, June, July, August, and December" {id. P. Z. S. 1884, 505). 

 Capt. H. L. De la Chaumette reared the " larva at Lucknow, in October, 1860, on 

 Gnaphalmm ijidicum, i}iQ iraago emerging on November 15th" (MS. Notes). "la 

 Sikkim, this cosmopolitan butterfly is found throughout the year at low elevations, 

 but more commonly in the winter. In the summer it is found up to 12,000 feet 

 elevation" (de Niceville, Sikkim Gaz. 1894, 144). In Bombay "it is found sparingly 

 throughout the District. At times it appears in great numbers, continues for a week 

 or two, and disappeai'S again. As is well known, it is a migratory butterfly, and is 

 known in almost every part of the world. It has a rapid, irregular flight, and is fond 

 of settling on the ground, and on rocks. We have found larvce in Kanara in 

 November, feeding on Zornia diphylla, and on a thistle-like plant of the genus 

 Bliunea, which is its common food in other parts of the Presidency also" (J. David- 

 son and E. H. Aitken, J. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1896, 256). " The larvfe are social 

 when very young, half a dozen living together under the shelter of a little network 

 of silk. The butterfly is not very easy to catch, being a strong flier and wai-y. It 

 rarely settles, except on the ground, and opens its wings much less than the Juiw/iias " 

 (E. H. Aitken, id. 1886, lol). "At diffei-ent times of the year, but most often, I 

 think, in June, large numbers of this butterfly appear about the rocks on the sea- 

 shore, or in other barren situations, and I am inclined to think they are new arrivals 

 from some other country. A certain number remain permanently with us, and breed 

 on a common species of Bliimea " (id. 1897, 337). In Ceylon, " it is found every- 

 where, but is more plentiful in the higher districts " (F. M. Mackwood, Lep. Ceyl. 

 i. 50). " In Burma this is a rare butterfly. I took one in February near Bhamo, 

 and one in December in North Yen. I have received it from the Chin Hills, and saw 

 one so far South as Mandalay, in January. One was also obtained at Nimbu " (Col. 

 C. H. E. Adamson, List, 1897, 25). Mr. W. L. Distant records it from Penang 

 (Rhop. Malay. Preface, p. vi.). We have examples from Sumatra, Java, Formosa, 

 and Japan. Mr. J. J. Walker, R.N., found it " not very common in Hong Kong from 

 December to May" (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1895, 457). Mr. J. H. Leech also obtained it in 

 China and Japan. It is also recorded from the Philippines. 



Indo-Malatan Species. — Vanessa Dejeanii, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. Supjjl. 

 p. 821 (1823). Boisd. Spec. Gen. Lep. i. pi. 10, fig. 2 (1830). Hctbitat. 

 Java. — Vanessa Samani (Pryameis Samani, Hagen, Iris, vii. p. 359 (1894). 

 Habitat. Sumatra. 



p 2 



