HO LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



Pupa, — Stout ; purplisli-bro-n-n ; liead-piece obtusely cleft ; thorax arched and 

 obtusely angular ; abdomen dorsally arched, and with a dorsal and two lateral rows 

 of short, stout, sharp tubercular points. 



Habitat. — Throughout India ; Ce^'lon ; Andaman andNicobar Islands ; Burma ; 

 Tenasserim ; Malay Peninsula ; Siam ; Sumatra ; Borneo ; Hong Kong ; "W. China. 



Seasonal Vakiatiox, etc. — " In India, Bolina is represented by several fairly 

 well-marked forms in the male, but they are neither confined to particular localities 

 nor constant in their characters, each form being linked to the others by numerous 

 intermediate gradations. The female is much more constant comparatively, though 

 it, too, shows variation in the extent of the markings, especially on the upperside. 

 The typical male, described by Linnaeus under the name Bolina, and figured by 

 Clerck under the same name, and by Cramer as Auge — having on the underside a 

 prominent white bar or band on each wing — so far as I am aware, usually appears 

 during the rainy season. Next, there is a larger form — with paler and more uniform 

 coloration of the underside, and the absence of pure white markings, these being 

 irrorated with brown — this form, as far as I am aware, usually appears during the 

 dry season. Again, each of these forms exhibits, but not commonly, a striking 

 variety in which the patch on the upperside of the hindwing is uniform black, shot in 

 certain lights with brilliant deep blue, but showing no trace of pale centring. 

 These varieties are not casual isolated forms, but linked by numerous gradations in 

 which the pale centring gets gradually less. In the variety allied to the smaller 

 typical form there is a striking difference on the underside also, in extreme cases the 

 white discal band of the hindwing and all the whitish markings of the border of both 

 wings entirely disappear, except a white dot on the cilia in each interspace, and 

 there appears a deep violet suffused patch on the disc just beyond the cell ; the 

 ground-colour is darker throughout, and the discal white markings of the forewing 

 though narrower are prominent. In the variety allied to the larger form, the under- 

 side is less strikingly different, the markings are even more obscure and suffused as 

 well as irrorated with brown, and the discal dots on both wings are more prominently 

 tinted with violet. The female was figured by Donovan and Drury under the name 

 Jacintha, and later on was described by Fabricius under the name of Avia. The 

 variations of it, which are casual and inconstant, are mainly confined to the greater 

 or less prominence of the blue macular fascia on the upperside of the forewing, and 

 the greater or less prominence of the whitish submarginal band on the hindwing, in 

 one extreme consisting of small conical spots in pairs between the nervules ; in the 

 other extreme these spots are greatly elongated, entirely filling the spaces between 

 the veins, and coalescing with the discal spots towards the anal angle. On the 

 underside, the females in all cases appear to correspond with the larger form, and not 

 with the typical smaller form in style of markings " (L. de ISTiceville, I.e. 124). 



