KYMPHALIN^. iGvonp ntjiphalixa.) 143 



every grade between. During the dry season this butterfly is not often met with" 

 (J. Davidson and E. H. Aitken, J. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1896, 252). "When the 

 first showers of the monsoon have fallen iu June, a large number of the females of 

 this butterfly (Avia) appear, without a single male being visible. Two or three 

 months later, males appear in great abundance in some places, followed after an 

 interval by females. I noticed this particularly in 1878 at Uran, where the low 

 jungle on the hillsides literally swarmed with this species, and I have at other 

 times, without noting dates so precisely, found one sex abundant without the other. 

 In Bombay and Poona this species is common about the close of the rainy reason. 

 It wanders little, and I have watched a fine male in the garden day after day, basking 

 on the same bush and sucking the same flowers, fiercely chasing all rivals away, 

 until it was old, faded, and broken, and finally disappeared" (E. H. Aitken, 

 J. Bombay N. H. S. 1S8C, 134). The late Dr. A. Leith, in his MS. Xotes describes 

 the larva, as found by him, in Bombay, feeding on Urtica interriqita and Slda retusa, 

 in August and September. Mr. (now Sir) G. F. Harapson records it from the 

 Nilgiris (J. A. S. Beng. 1888, 354). Mr. H. S. Ferguson found it "very common in 

 the Travancore Hills up to 3000 ft. elevation " (J. Bombay N. H. S. 191, 8). 

 Capt. E. Y. "Watson took "a few specimens at Nippur in November, and at Grersoppa 

 Falls, Mysore, in January. Also found it very common in Madras from March to 

 August" (J. Bombay N. H. S. 1890, pp. 4 ; 266). Mr. ^Y. C. Taylor records it as 

 " common at Khorda in Orissa" (List 1888, 5). Mr. L. de Niceville states that it is 

 "common in gardens in Calcutta, except in the cold weather" (J. A. S. Beng. 

 1885,44). "Numerous specimens were taken at Silchar, Cachar, between April 

 and August " (id. 1886, 358). Col. C. Swinhoe records it from the Khasias 

 (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1893, 281). " In Sikkim, at low levels, it occurs nearly all the year 

 round" (de Niceville, Sikk. Gaz. 1894, 139). Col. C. H. E. Adamson records it as 

 common throughout Upper and Lower Burma " (List 1897, 22). Signor L. Fea took 

 it at " Meetan, Upper Tenasserim, in April" (MS. Note). Dr. F. Manders records 

 it from the " Shan States, Burma " (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1890). It is also recorded from 

 "Tavoy and Ponsekai " (J. A. S. Beng. 1887, 422). Dr. J. Anderson took it in 

 Mergui in December" (J. Linn. Soc. ZooL 1886, 35). In Ceylon, Mr. F. M. 

 Mackwood says it is " very common from the sea-board up to 6000 feet, earl}^ in the 

 year, haunting deep cuttings through fern and brushwood lands. They are to be 

 found in thousands and in smaller numbers all the year. Males twice as numerous 

 as females" (Lep. Ceylon, i. 58). It is also found in the Andamans, Great Nicobar, 

 and Tillangschong Island (P. Z. S. 1877, 585 ; J. A. S. Beng. 1882, 16). 



It also occurs in the Malay Peninsula (W. L. Distant, Rhop. Malay, p. 165) 

 It has been taken in Siam, at Chentaboon and Nanconchaisee (H. Druce, P. Z. S. 

 1874, 105). Mr. de Niceville records it as occurring in Sumatra (.1. A. S. Beng. 



