198 LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. 



slender lunules which are slightly pale bordered externally ; a medial-discal row of four 

 larger black oval spots, two submarginal sinuous slightly confluent lines, and marginal 

 triangular spots. Underside paler, and with all the markings, as on upperside much 

 less defined ; the interspaces of cell-bars and outer markings suffused with violet-grey, 

 and the inner-discal series outwardly bordered with greyish lunules. In some speci- 

 mens, presumably dry-season, all the markings on the upper and underside are less 

 prominent. BoJi/ and palpi above yellowish-ochreous ; beneath and also femora 

 beneath greyish-white ; tibia and tarsi pale ochreous ; antennjB ochreous-brown. 



Expanse, c? 1^% to 2^%, ?2i^o to 2i^o inches. 



Larva. — " Cylindrical, moderately thick, very smooth, with an oily gloss, and 

 bears six longitudinal rows of sharp branched-spines. Head unarmed. Colour 

 varying from dark brown to pale yellowish-green, with a white or yellowish spot at 

 base of each spine " (Davidson and Aitken, I.e.). 



Pupa. — Suspended by the tail, but iu a horizontal position. " Green, with a 

 subdorsal series of five acutely pointed tubercles, marked with red, between each 

 pair another pair of very small blunt tubercles, the upper edge of wing-covers and a 

 spot on each side of head also m.arked with red " (de N. I.e.). 



Habitat. — India; Ceylon; Burma; Siam ; Malay Peninsula ; Sumatra; Java; 

 Hong Kong ; Hainan ; Japan. 



DisTEiBDTiON AND Habits. — " This is one of the commonest Indian butterflies, 

 occurring throughout the year in the Plains and in suitable seasons in the Outer Hima- 

 layas up to 8000 feet" (de iS"iceville, I.e. 31). We possess examples from Kashmir 

 (Bayne Reed) ; Kasauli ; Nepaul ; Bombay ; Malabar ; Shevaroj-s ; Ceylon ; Burma ; 

 Peuang; Java; and Hainan. Col. J. W, Yerbury obtained it at " Campbellpore in 

 July, and at Abbottabad in October " (Ann. N. H. 1888, 139). Major H. B. Hellard 

 obtained it at " Simla and Masuri, from June to October " (MS. Notes). Examples 

 from Dugi, 12,000 feet elevation, taken in August and September by Capt. 

 Thompson, are in Mr. J. H- Leech's Collection. Mr. W. Doherty took it in the 

 " Kumaon Terai and Hills up to 6000 feet" (J. A. S. Bengal, 1886, 121). Capt. 

 H. Chaumette found it " plentiful at Saugor and in Oudh. Larva reared at 

 Luckuow on the esculent Flacourtia sapida in September, changing to pupa on the 

 5th, the imago emerging on the 11th. It is swift on the wing, now and then keeping 

 them motionless like an Argynnis. It is fond of thickets, and settles on the flowers 

 of JiUininum samhae. It is common on the wing in July and August" (MS. Notes). 

 Capt. A. M. Lang found it " tolei-ably common in Oudh, at Umballa, and in the 

 Himalayas up to 8000 feet. Larva reared on Flaeourtia. The pupae are perfect 

 little gems, of various colours, brilliant reflections of gold, silver, blue, green, and 

 pink" (ICnt. Mo. Mag. 1864, 131). Col. C. Swinhoe records "two specimens taken 

 in Karachi in July, 18S2; was not observed throughout 1879-80" (P. Z. S. 18S4, 



